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Showing papers on "Latency (engineering) published in 1972"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The latency operating characteristic (LOG), denned as the trade-off relation between reaction time (RT) and discrimination accuracy, is proposed as a measure of the perceptual process that is invariant over changes in decision strategies in RT tasks.
Abstract: The latency operating characteristic (LOG), denned as the trade-off relation between reaction time (RT) and discrimination accuracy, is proposed as a measure of the perceptual process that is invariant over changes in decision strategies in RT tasks. The LOC was computed from confusion matrices constructed from sets of trials on which the RT fell within a given range. The convergent validity of the LOC was supported by findings of a strong and consistent relation between speed and accuracy that was invariant under changes in stimulus and response probability. Several models of the underlying perceptual processes are discussed which lead to a good description of LOC by a set of straight lines.

69 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: RT was longer when the response involved significant changes in the temporal organization of the movement pattern, and the hypothesis that the latency of a response is related to the complexity of themovement pattern was only partially supported.
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted in which the latency of movement responses of varying complexity was investigated. The complexity of an arm sweep movement was varied by (a) increasing the extent of movement from 6 in. to 18 in., (b) reversing the movement, and (c) by making two or three pauses in an on-going movement. The results only partially supported the hypothesis that the latency of a response is related to the complexity of the movement pattern. Specifically RT was longer when the response involved significant changes in the temporal organization of the movement pattern.

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Experimental 5s who had been in prison longer had shorter VEP latencies than relative newcomers to the prison and VEP latency, which decreased with continued solitary confinement, was shorter for these 5s than for control 5s whose VEPLatency did not change over the same period.
Abstract: One week of solitary confinement of prison inmates produced significant changes in their EEG frequency and visual evoked potentials (VEP) that parallel those reported in laboratory studies of sensory deprivation. EEG frequency declined in a nonlinear manner over the period. VEP latency, which decreased with continued solitary confinement, was shorter for these 5s than for control 5s whose VEP latency did not change over the same period. Experimental 5s who had been in prison longer had shorter VEP latencies than relative newcomers to the prison.

45 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The latency relaxation has been examined in single fibres from frog striated muscle with particular attention given to its possible relation to Ca2+ release during excitation—contraction coupling.
Abstract: 1. The latency relaxation has been examined in single fibres from frog striated muscle with particular attention given to its possible relation to Ca(2+) release during excitation-contraction coupling.2. Latency relaxations were recorded at 19-23 degrees C from massively stimulated (0.2 msec pulses) single fibres using two selected RCA 5734 transducer tubes in a bridge circuit.3. The depth of the latency relaxation has its full value when stimulus strength is between 40 and 400% above twitch threshold. Stronger stimuli reversibly diminish the latency relaxation.4. The variation in depth of latency relaxation with sarcomere length was found similar to that reported previously for multifibre preparations but in single fibres the peak of the curve consists of a plateau between sarcomere lengths of 2.8 mu and 3.2 mu.5. Sucrose hypertonicity increases the depth of the latency relaxation at sarcomere lengths below 2.8 mu but above this length it has either no effect or a depressant effect depending on the degree of hypertonicity.6. The maximal depth of the latency relaxation (measured at 3 mu) averaged 0.23% of the maximal tetanus tension (measured at 2.2 mu) and was strongly correlated (r = 0.87) with the latter in forty-five single fibres.7. The maximal depth of the latency relaxation is not correlated with the number of sarcomeres in series in a fibre.8. The results of this study are shown to fully support and extend Sandow's (1966) hypothesis that the latency relaxation is caused by release of activator Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

45 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results show that the latency of AP as a function of SPL remains constant regardless of the pattern and degree of hair‐cell loss in the cochlea, and they consequently prove that the hypothesis of this experiment cannot be rejected.
Abstract: An experimental hypothesis was derived based on the findings of the clinical simultaneous binaural median plane lateralization test and the literature review of the latency of action potentials (AP). It states that the latency of action potentials as a function of absolute signal intensity (SPL) in cochleae with different degrees of hair‐cell losses is identical to that in normal cochleae at suprathreshold levels for signals with a given spectral content and a fixed rise time. The pathological cochleae were created by injections of kanamycin in guinea pigs and were monitored histopathologically, utilizing the surface preparation technique. The results show that the latency of AP as a function of SPL remains constant regardless of the pattern and degree of hair‐cell loss in the cochlea, and they consequently prove that the hypothesis of this experiment cannot be rejected. For a signal with a given frequency and a fixed rise time, the latency of the onset AP apparently depends only on the magnitude of the displacement of the basilar membrane regardless of the overall magnitudes of CM or AP.

44 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Relationships between the Edelberg recovery measure, latency, rise time, and amplitude measures of GSR response to cued, uncued, and disparity USs are described, demonstrating the need and utility for more complete response specification.
Abstract: This report describes relationships between the Edelberg recovery measure, latency, rise time, and amplitude measures of GSR response to cued, uncued, and disparity USs. Under cued and uncued conditions all temporal measures were independent of amplitude. Rise time and recovery measures were highly correlated under all conditions, while correlations between latency and rise time or amplitude were quite weak, suggesting that latency and rise time-recovery are partly under the control of different mechanisms. When US was unexpected (disparity), latency remained independent of amplitude, but significant correlations developed between amplitude and the temporal measures of rise time and recovery. Latency and recovery, but not rise time or amplitude, distinguished between disparity and non-disparity conditions. The results demonstrate the need and utility for more complete response specification.

35 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
12 May 1972-Science
TL;DR: The procedure of matching the luminance of test fields to that of a background field appears to be crucial for observing a visual latency difference related to wavelength.
Abstract: Chromatic stimuli were matched in luminance to a homogeneous white background field. The relative visual latency, as measured by subjective simultaneity, of 621-nanometer (red) light was 20 to 25 milliseconds less than that for 549-nanometer (green) light. When the chromatic stimuli were different in luminance fronm the background field, no differences in visual latency related to the wavelength of light were observed. The procedure of matching the luminance of test fields to that of a background field appears to be crucial for observing a visual latency difference related to wavelength.

32 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In 4 out of 10 subjects a short latency visual evoked potential could be recorded from the auricle and mastoid process, and it was suggested that this short latencyVisual evoked “ear-mastoid” potential originates from the optic nerve.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the Latency in relation to contact language borrowing in Mexican Spanish and the Maya of the Yucatecan Peninsula of Mexico and the interinfluences of these two languages on their respective segmental phopological systems.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to examine the concept of latency in relation to contact language borrowing äs advanced by Roman Jakobson and elaborated by Uriel Weinreich. Latency should be understood to denote a structural predisposition in the source language to the acceptance of the units of the target language which accord with the evolur tionary tendencies of the source language but which are not the determinants of the direction in which the source language evolves. According to Jakobson, \"a language accepts foreign structural elements only when they correspond to its tendencies of development\", while Weinreich maintains that language contact and the resulting interference \"could be considered to have, at best, a triggering effect, releasing or accelerating developments which mature independently\", since, according to him, \"such latent internal tendencies by definition, exist without Intervention of foreign influence\". We shall put this concept pf latency to the test in the language contact Situation äs it exists between Mexican Spanish and the Maya of the Yucatecan Peninsula of Mexico and äs it relates to the interinfluences of these two languages on their respective segmental phopological Systems. Prior to an examination of this concept, we wish to outline briefly the background against which Jakobson and Weinreich framed their hypotheses. The linguistic atmosphere in which these hypotheses were formulated was readily accepting of them for two reasons: (1) they were in accord with the structural thinking of the day concerning language change, and (2) they went counter to the increasingly unpopulär thinking

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Performance of the (composite) .5 sec CS-UCS group was superior to that of the extended groups, and the PC group exhibited a modal response in the 2–3 sec (OR) latency range.
Abstract: Latency distributions were obtained for the skin conductance response, by blocks of 5 trials, for groups (N = 13) conditioned with CS-UCS intervals of 3.5, 5.5, 7.5, 10.5, 15.5, and 20.5 sec. Another group (N = 13) received 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 trials respectively with a .5 sec CS-UCS interval. For all blocks of 5 trials, in the extended CS-UCS groups, the modal response occurred in the 2–3 sec latency range characteristic of the orienting response (OR). There was no significant difference in OR frequency as a function of the CS-UCS interval. There was no systematic increase in response frequency with repeated trials in any of the latency ranges scored. No significant difference in acquisition was obtained as a function of the CS-UCS interval in the extended CS-UCS groups for either frequency or for magnitude. Performance of the (composite) .5 sec CS-UCS group was superior to that of the extended groups. This difference was not attributable to differential OR frequency. The PC group also exhibited a modal response in the 2–3 sec (OR) latency range. Response frequency in the OR latency range was lower in the PC group than in the conditioned groups, but response frequency outside of the OR range was higher in the PC groups than in the conditioned groups.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The phase of a response to sinusoidal stimulation depends on amplitude, threshold, phase shift due to receptor properties and latency, and a method is given for discriminating between these factors.