Topic
Latency (engineering)
About: Latency (engineering) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7278 publications have been published within this topic receiving 115409 citations. The topic is also known as: lag.
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30 Apr 1997TL;DR: Through the use of particular visual effects, this work provides a low latency user experience, even when extremely large latencies occur in an application, and demonstrates these effects in a wide-areadistributed virtual reality application.
Abstract: Through the use of particular visual effects, we provide a low latency user experience, even when extremely large latencies occur in an application. We demonstrate these effects in a wide-areadistributed virtual reality application. These effects include the use of motion blur, transparency, and defocusing. While the effects incur a performance penatty, the penalty is predictable, unlie the lag induced by network delays. Thus, we provide immediate feedback to each participant even when the network prevents information more useful than the fact that delays are occurring. When updates are finally receiv~ we use the same effects to provide coherent updates to the user’s information, without the jarring discontinuities that otherwise would confuse a participant’s understanding of the environment. CR
35 citations
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01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: The proposed framework precisely predicts the end-to-end inter-node delay along the cloud-fog-things continuum and investigates the benefits and use cases based on latency estimated by the proposed framework.
Abstract: Low latency is critical for delay-sensitive applications such as video surveillance, live streaming, and online data analytics. Fog computing enables the emergence of the latency-sensitive internet of things (IoT) network to support real-time applications. While the distance between sensing and processing is minimized in the fog network, the cross-fog latency is yet to be determined. In this paper, we study the components of network delays and develop a latency estimation framework for fog-based IoT. The proposed framework, in particular, precisely predicts the end-to-end inter-node delay along the cloud-fog-things continuum. We investigate the benefits and use cases based on latency estimated by the proposed framework. A case study is further conducted to illustrate the validation and advantages, followed by future research directions.
35 citations
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TL;DR: Establishment of persistent Epstein-Barr virus infection requires transition from a program of full viral latency gene expression to one that is highly restricted within memory B lymphocytes, and elevated levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and DNMT3B associated with latency I are noted, suggesting that CTCF contributes to but is not necessarily essential for the establishment of restricted latency.
Abstract: Establishment of persistent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection requires transition from a program of full viral latency gene expression (latency III) to one that is highly restricted (latency I and 0) within memory B lymphocytes. It is well established that DNA methylation plays a critical role in EBV gene silencing, and recently the chromatin boundary protein CTCF has been implicated as a pivotal regulator of latency via its binding to several loci within the EBV genome. One notable site is upstream of the common EBNA gene promoter Cp, at which CTCF may act as an enhancer-blocking factor to initiate and maintain silencing of EBNA gene transcription. It was previously suggested that increased expression of CTCF may underlie its potential to promote restricted latency, and here we also noted elevated levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and DNMT3B associated with latency I. Within B-cell lines that maintain latency I, however, stable knockdown of CTCF, DNMT1, or DNMT3B or of DNMT1 and DNMT3B in combination did not result in activation of latency III protein expression or EBNA gene transcription, nor did knockdown of DNMTs significantly alter CpG methylation within Cp. Thus, differential expression of CTCF and DNMT1 and -3B is not critical for maintenance of restricted latency. Finally, mutant EBV lacking the Cp CTCF binding site exhibited sustained Cp activity relative to wild-type EBV in a recently developed B-cell superinfection model but ultimately was able to transition to latency I, suggesting that CTCF contributes to but is not necessarily essential for the establishment of restricted latency.
35 citations
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TL;DR: It is found that the proposed approach to all-optical time division multiplexed (TDM) communications in multiprocessor systems will result in lower overall communication latency as it eliminates the delays introduced by the time slot interchanging switching devices.
Abstract: Reducing communication latency, which is a performance bottleneck in optically interconnected multiprocessor systems, is of prominent importance A conventional approach for establishing connections in multiplexed networks uses a set of independent time slots (or virtual channels) along a path for each connection This approach requires the use of switching devices capable of interchanging time slots, and thus introduces latency in addition to hardware and control complexity We propose an approach to all-optical time division multiplexed (TDM) communications in multiprocessor systems The idea is to establish a connection along a path using a set of time slots (or virtual channels) that are dependent on each other, so that no time slot interchanging is required We compare the proposed approach with the conventional one in terms of the overall communication latency We found that, despite the possibility that establishing a connection may take a longer time, the proposed approach will result in lower overall communication latency as it eliminates the delays introduced by the time slot interchanging switching devices
35 citations