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Latency (engineering)

About: Latency (engineering) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7278 publications have been published within this topic receiving 115409 citations. The topic is also known as: lag.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicated mean amplitude was the most robust against increases in background noise and the adaptive mean measure was more biased, but represented an efficient estimator of the true ERP signal particularly for individual-subject latency variability.
Abstract: There is considerable variability in the quantification of event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes and latencies. We examined susceptibility of ERP quantification measures to incremental increases in background noise through published ERP data and simulations. Measures included mean amplitude, adaptive mean, peak amplitude, peak latency, and centroid latency. Results indicated mean amplitude was the most robust against increases in background noise. The adaptive mean measure was more biased, but represented an efficient estimator of the true ERP signal particularly for individual-subject latency variability. Strong evidence is provided against using peak amplitude. For latency measures, the peak latency measure was less biased and less efficient than the centroid latency measurement. Results emphasize the prudence in reporting the number of trials retained for averaging as well as noise estimates for groups and conditions when comparing ERPs.

190 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that minimum latency broadcasting is NP-complete for ad hoc networks and a simple distributed collision-free broadcasting algorithm for broadcasting a message is presented.
Abstract: Network wide broadcasting is a fundamental operation in ad hoc networks. In broadcasting, a source node sends a message to all the other nodes in the network. In this paper, we consider the problem of collision-free broadcasting in ad hoc networks. Our objective is to minimize the latency and the number of transmissions in the broadcast. We show that minimum latency broadcasting is NP-complete for ad hoc networks. We also present a simple distributed collision-free broadcasting algorithm for broadcasting a message. For networks with bounded node transmission ranges, our algorithm simultaneously guarantees that the latency and the number of transmissions are within O(1) times their re spective optimal values. Our algorithm and analysis extend to the case when multiple messages are broadcast from multiple sources. Experimental studies indicate that our algorithms perform much better in practice than the analytical guarantees provided for the worst case.

186 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Although VZV is a member of the α-herpesvirus family, it appears that its program of latency is unique with respect to HSV and BHV-1.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Herpesviruses have been identified that infect nearly all groups of vertebrates This chapter focuses on the latency of α-herpesviruses Several mammalian viruses belong to this group: equine herpes virus 1( EHV-l ), pseudorabies virus (PRV), bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and varicella zoster virus (VZV) Although most latency studies have been performed using HSV-1, significant contributions have been made using the animal viruses, and thus studies related to BHV-1 are included in this chapter In general, it is believed that sensory neurons within ganglia are the primary site of latency In latently infected sensory neurons, the only abundant viral gene product that is transcribed is LAT (latency-associated transcript; HSV-1 or HSV-2) or LRT (latencyrelated transcript; BHV-1) Consequently, it has been hypothesized that LAT or LRT regulates some aspect of latency Although VZV is a member of the α-herpesvirus family, it appears that its program of latency is unique with respect to HSV and BHV-1 VZV is present in many sensory ganglia throughout the body and the central nervous system

186 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
09 Dec 2013
TL;DR: It is argued that the use of redundancy is an effective way to convert extra capacity into reduced latency by initiating redundant operations across diverse resources and using the first result which completes, redundancy improves a system's latency even under exceptional conditions.
Abstract: Low latency is critical for interactive networked applications. But while we know how to scale systems to increase capacity, reducing latency --- especially the tail of the latency distribution --- can be much more difficult. In this paper, we argue that the use of redundancy is an effective way to convert extra capacity into reduced latency. By initiating redundant operations across diverse resources and using the first result which completes, redundancy improves a system's latency even under exceptional conditions. We study the tradeoff with added system utilization, characterizing the situations in which replicating all tasks reduces mean latency. We then demonstrate empirically that replicating all operations can result in significant mean and tail latency reduction in real-world systems including DNS queries, database servers, and packet forwarding within networks.

186 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper evaluates the relevant PHY and MAC techniques for their ability to improve the reliability and reduce the latency and identifies that enabling long-term evolution to coexist in the unlicensed spectrum is also a potential enabler of URLLC in theUnlicensed band.
Abstract: Future 5th generation networks are expected to enable three key services—enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine type communications and ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC). As per the 3rd generation partnership project URLLC requirements, it is expected that the reliability of one transmission of a 32 byte packet will be at least 99.999% and the latency will be at most 1 ms. This unprecedented level of reliability and latency will yield various new applications, such as smart grids, industrial automation and intelligent transport systems. In this survey we present potential future URLLC applications, and summarize the corresponding reliability and latency requirements. We provide a comprehensive discussion on physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer techniques that enable URLLC, addressing both licensed and unlicensed bands. This paper evaluates the relevant PHY and MAC techniques for their ability to improve the reliability and reduce the latency. We identify that enabling long-term evolution to coexist in the unlicensed spectrum is also a potential enabler of URLLC in the unlicensed band, and provide numerical evaluations. Lastly, this paper discusses the potential future research directions and challenges in achieving the URLLC requirements.

185 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20222
2021485
2020529
2019533
2018500
2017405