Latency (engineering)

About: Latency (engineering) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7278 publications have been published within this topic receiving 115409 citations. The topic is also known as: lag.

A flash memory controller for 15μs ultra-low-latency SSD using high-speed 3D NAND flash with 3μs read time

Abstract: In a memory hierarchy, there are various classes of memory systems depending on the access latency. A typical memory hierarchy consists of a CPU cache, DRAM, and an SSD or HDD. The DRAM has an access latency of 100ns, while flash memory has a latency of about 50μs [1]. Recently, new non-volatile memories with latencies of less than 10μs, including PRAM, MRAM, and ReRAM [2], are getting attention for business-critical systems such as big-data analysis and storage caches. To meet the low latency requirements, a new type of NAND flash, Z-NAND, with a read time (t R ) of 3μs has also been introduced [3]. Figure 20.2.1 shows a feature comparison between Z-NAND and conventional 3D NAND [4,5]. The Z-NAND achieves a read time of 3μs, which is 15–20 times faster than conventional NAND. Write throughput reaches up to 160MB/s with a 100μs program time. To further minimize read latency, I/O circuit support a DDR interface for both x8 and x16 mode. To take full advantage of such low-latency memory devices, reduction of memory access overhead is necessary. In this paper, we introduce an NVMe SSD controller which leverages the advantages of the low-latency NAND and enables the reduction of total memory access time, thereby minimizing overall system latency.

Probing the Time-Course of the Auditory Oddball P3 With Secondary Reaction Time

Abstract: An elementary neural model of the P3 is proposed in which the P3 is held to manifest a brief, widely-distributed, inhibitory event. A preliminary and indirect test of the model is described using secondary-task methodology. Manual reaction times were measured to probe clicks delivered during the presumed time-course of an auditory oddball P3. We observed that reaction times to probes presented after oddball stimuli were significantly slowed as compared to reaction times to probes presented after standards. The latency of maximum reaction time slowing corresponded generally to the latency of the P3. The latency of maximum reaction time slowing did not respond to a manipulation varying the latency of the P3. Thus, some of the obtained results were consistent with the P3-inhibition hypothesis, whereas others were not. Secondary-task methodology may provide a valuable new approach to understanding the late event-related potentials.

Eyewitness Identification Accuracy and Response Latency.

Abstract: Eyewitness identification research has reliably shown that accurate identifications are faster than inaccurate identifications. Recently, D. Dunning and S. Perretta (2002) claimed that an identification latency of 10–12 s not only best discriminates between accurate and inaccurate identifications but also produces extremely high accuracy rates, approaching 90%. Consistent with predictions from recognition memory theory, however, we show that the optimum time boundary varies with overall response latency under manipulations of retention interval and nominal lineup size, and that the accuracy rate inside the optimum time boundary is much less impressive than previously reported. We outline directions for clarifying the accuracy and latency relationship to assist the reliable diagnosis of identification accuracy.