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Latent heat

About: Latent heat is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13503 publications have been published within this topic receiving 302811 citations.


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TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the various physical processes relating near-surface atmospheric and oceanographic bulk variables ; their relationship to the surface fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, and latent heat ; and their expression in a bulk flux algorithm.
Abstract: This paper describes the various physical processes relating near-surface atmospheric and oceanographic bulk variables ; their relationship to the surface fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, and latent heat ; and their expression in a bulk flux algorithm. The algorithm follows the standard Monin-Obukhov similarity approach for near-surface meteorological measurements but includes separate models for the ocean's cool skin and the diurnal warm layer, which are used to derive true skin temperature from the bulk temperature measured at some depth near the surface. The basic structure is an outgrowth of the Liu-Katsaros-Businger [Liu et al., 1979] method, with modifications to include a different specification of the roughness/stress relationship, a gustiness velocity to account for the additional flux induced by boundary layer scale variability, and profile functions obeying the convective limit. Additionally, we have considered the contributions of the sensible heat carried by precipitation and the requirement that the net dry mass flux be zero (the so-called Webb correction [Webb et al., 1980]). The algorithm has been tuned to fit measurements made on the R/V Moana Wave in the three different cruise legs made during the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. These measurements yielded 1622 fifty-min averages of fluxes and bulk variables in the wind speed range from 0.5 to 10 m s -1 . The analysis gives statistically reliable values for the Charnock [1955] constant (a = 0.011) and the gustiness parameter (β = 1.25). An overall mean value for the latent heat flux, neutral bulk-transfer coefficient was 1.11 x 10 -3 , declining slightly with increasing wind speed. Mean values for the sensible and latent heat fluxes were 9.1 and 103.5 W m -2 ; mean values for the Webb and rain heat fluxes were 2.5 and 4.5 W m -2 . Accounting for all factors, the net surface heat transfer to the ocean was 17.9 ± 10 W m -2 .

1,924 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the phase change problem has been formulated using pure conduction approach but the problem has moved to a different level of complexity with added convection in the melt being accounted for, which makes it difficult for comparison to be made to assess the suitability of PCMs to particular applications.
Abstract: This paper reviews the development of latent heat thermal energy storage systems studied detailing various phase change materials (PCMs) investigated over the last three decades, the heat transfer and enhancement techniques employed in PCMs to effectively charge and discharge latent heat energy and the formulation of the phase change problem. It also examines the geometry and configurations of PCM containers and a series of numerical and experimental tests undertaken to assess the effects of parameters such as the inlet temperature and the mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid (HTF). It is concluded that most of the phase change problems have been carried out at temperature ranges between 0 °C and 60 °C suitable for domestic heating applications. In terms of problem formulation, the common approach has been the use of enthalpy formulation. Heat transfer in the phase change problem was previously formulated using pure conduction approach but the problem has moved to a different level of complexity with added convection in the melt being accounted for. There is no standard method (such as British Standards or EU standards) developed to test for PCMs, making it difficult for comparison to be made to assess the suitability of PCMs to particular applications. A unified platform such as British Standards, EU standards needs to be developed to ensure same or similar procedure and analysis (performance curves) to allow comparison and knowledge gained from one test to be applied to another.

1,630 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the Southern Great Plains 1997 Hydrology Experiment, four different types of eddy-covariance systems were set up side-by-side and all of them under-measured sensible and latent heat fluxes by similar amounts.

1,519 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
A. Abhat1
TL;DR: In this article, the melting and freezing behavior of various heat-of-fusion storage materials is investigated using the techniques of Thermal Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry.

1,455 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-layer model of turbulent exchange that includes the view geometry associated with directional radiometric surface temperature is developed and evaluated by comparison of model predictions with field measurements.

1,448 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023581
20221,033
2021640
2020583
2019615
2018578