Showing papers on "Lead acetate published in 1975"
TL;DR: Intravenous administration of an acute dose of lead acetate or cadmium acetate enhanced the susceptibility of rats to intravenous challenge with E. coli by approximately 1000-fold, supported by the observation that equal doses of the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria failed to elicit lethality in the acute lead-intoxicated rats.
Abstract: Intravenous administration of an acute dose of lead acetate or cadmium acetate enhanced the susceptibility of rats to intravenous challenge with E. coli by approximately 1000-fold. Since equivalent vulnerability of lead- or cadmium-treated rats to killed E. coli was observed, toxicity is probably due to the endotoxin content of the bacteria. This postulate is further supported by the observation that equal doses of the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococci epidermidis, failed to elicit lethality in the acute lead-intoxicated rats. The synthetic glucocorticoid, methylprednisolone, prevented lethality induced by the Gram-negative bacteria in lead-treated rats. It did not, however, afford significant protection in cadmium-treated rats in the presence of E. coli. Marked alterations in hepatic morphology were apparent in both lead- and cadmium-treated rats challenged with E. coli.
103 citations
TL;DR: In several separate experiments neonatal rats were intubated daily with 9, 27 or 81 mg lead acetate/kg of body weight throughout their 3-week postnatal period of development, and experimental weanlings displayed an inhibition of blood delta-amino levulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, a parallel reduction in regional brain ALADActivity, a moderate reduction in hematocrit and hemoglobin and an increase in kidney weight.
93 citations
TL;DR: A rapid method for the determination of relative absorption of dietary lead by rats is described and using standard conditions the tissue lead content of blood, kidney and femur are significantly correlated with each other and are a function of ingested lead.
Abstract: A rapid method for the determination of relative absorption of dietary lead by rats is described. The influence of age, weight and dose rate has been determined and using standard conditions the tissue lead content of blood, kidney and femur are significantly correlated with each other and are a function of ingested lead. Eight lead compounds were evaluated using this technique and the findings related to lead acetate as a reference compound. Of the inorganic preparations studied, lead carbonate (basic) and metallic lead showed a twelve-fold difference in absorption, with the remaining compounds giving intermediate values. The absorption of lead from four organic compounds was determined from diets containing 7·5% corn oil added to the standard diet. Lead tallate was absorbed to the same degree as lead acetate, but lesser absorptions resulted from lead octoate, naphthenate and alsynate. The addition of corn oil to a final concentration of 7·5% of the diet enhanced the absorption of lead acetate.
77 citations
TL;DR: The toxicity of dietary lead in Japanese quail was investigated and it was suggested that lead interfered with normal sexual development in the males and prevented normal primary antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the possible existence of a chemical mechanism for the conversion of trimethyl lead acetate Me3PbOAc to tetramethyl lead (TML) in active anaerobic sediments was investigated.
Abstract: FOLLOWING the reported methylation of lead by anaerobic microorganisms1 we have investigated organolead compounds in aqueous systems. Our results indicate the possible existence of chemical mechanism for the conversion of trimethyl lead acetate Me3PbOAc to tetramethyl lead (TML) in active anaerobic sediments.
60 citations
TL;DR: Significant changes in the central cholinergic system of immature rats have been found after chronic lead ingestion, with a significant decrease in cholinesterase activity and a significant increase in choline acetyltransferase activity.
44 citations
TL;DR: Lead treatment was found to reduce significantly the incidence of pregnancies and to increase the postimplantation loss in the pregnant females.
Abstract: Female mice which displayed a vaginal plug after mating were given a diet containing 0, 0.125, 0.250, 0.500% of lead as lead acetate and were dissected 16 to 18 days later. Lead treatment was found to reduce significantly the incidence of pregnancies and to increase the postimplantation loss in the pregnant females.
35 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that lead, as the acetate or as tetraethyllead, is not teratogenic to the mouse or rat.
29 citations
26 citations
25 citations
TL;DR: The development of the characteristic fibrillar inclusion bodies depends upon de novo synthesis of inclusion body protein, induced by lead.
Abstract: Summary A single dose of lead (5 μg/g body weight), given as lead acetate by intracardiac injection, produces, within 8 hours, characteristic fibrillar intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions in proximal tubular epithelial cells in mouse kidneys; after a dose of 30 μg/g body weight, such inclusions appeared within 6 hours. Their development was completely prevented by cycloheximide (one or more intraperitoneal injections of 20 μg/g body weight). The development of intranuclear inclusions was also noted in tubular epithelial cells explanted from normal mice and grown in vitro for 15 hours in a medium containging 20 μg lead/ml. Thus, the development of the characteristic fibrillar inclusion bodies depends upon de novo synthesis of inclusion body protein, induced by lead.
TL;DR: Dosing adult Bobwhite quail cocks with 10 or more leadShot per week caused a significant increase in mortality, and more than 90% of those dosed with 30 shot per week died by the end of four weeks.
Abstract: Five experiments were conducted involving both juvenile and adult Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) to study the toxicity of lead acetate, lead shot, powdered lead and antimony. Performance of juvenile birds receiving up to 1,500 p.p.m. of lead as lead acetate was not significantly influenced during the six-week experimental period. Feeding 3,000 p.p.m. lead as lead acetate was not significantly influenced during the six-week experimental period. Feeding 3,000 p.p.m. lead as lead acetate was associated with a significant depression of body weight and an increase in mortality.
TL;DR: Vascular changes were quite remarkable and included proliferation and the appearance of fenestrated blood vessels as well as some with tubular bodies and striking increases in the number of pinocytotic vesicles.
Abstract: Pellets of lead acetate were implanted into the forebrains of adult rats which were sacrificed at intervals between 4 days and 4 weeks thereafter. Parenchymal necrosis and a number of reactive changes including edema and macrophage invasion were observed. Lead deposits were found in the extracellular spaces and within macrophages but only to a slight extent within glial or meningeal cells. Vascular changes were quite remarkable and included proliferation and the appearance of fenestrated blood vessels as well as some with tubular bodies and striking increases in the number of pinocytotic vesicles.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Bone growth was greatly inhibited, whereas dentin apposition was spared from the cumulative toxicity of demethylchlortetracycline, and cessation of bone growth and its duration could be correlated with serum levels.
Abstract: Seven oral doses of demethylchlortetracycline were administered to monkeys that received serial injections of lead acetate to intravitally stain calcification sites. Bone growth was greatly inhibited, whereas dentin apposition was spared from the cumulative toxicity of demethylchlortetracycline. Cessation of bone growth and its duration could be correlated with serum levels.
TL;DR: The mitochondrial enzyme, ferrochelatase, was significantly depressed in both the 500 and 1000 μg/l groups as was the cytoplasmic enzyme δ-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase, and these depressions were associated with ultrastructural changes in the myocardium after six months, and were most pronounced in the mitochondria.
Abstract: In studies on the distribution of lead in rats given drinking water containing lead acetate at concentrations: 0, 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 μgPb/l for one year, no change was observed in the organ distribution of lead, or in the subcellular distribution of lead in the organelles in the heart. The mitochondrial enzyme, ferrochelatase, was significantly depressed in both the 500 and 1000 μg/l groups as was the cytoplasmic enzyme δ-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase. These depressions of enzyme activity were associated with ultrastructural changes in the myocardium after six months, and were most pronounced in the mitochondria.
TL;DR: The results indicate both learned and unlearned changes in motivation for fluid following ingestion of lead via the mother's milk in infancy.
Abstract: Mice suckled by mothers given tap water and by mothers given a 5 mg/ml lead acetate solution during lactation were given a choice between tap water and a lead acetate solution after lactation. All offspring demonstrated an immediate aversion to the lead acetate solution. The offspring from the mothers receiving lead acetate during lactation demonstrated a greater aversion to the lead acetate solution than did the offspring from mothers receiving tap water. In addition, the lead acetate offspring drank more total fluid (tap water plus lead acetate solution) after weaning than the control offspring. The results indicate both learned and unlearned changes in motivation for fluid following ingestion of lead via the mother's milk in infancy.
TL;DR: The data support the proposition that lead, introduced at a critical stage of development via the lactating mother, increases the potency of morphine reinforcement as a result of changes in cerebral dopaminergic activity.
TL;DR: The development of a chronic nephropathy accompanied by haematological changes following long term administration of lead in the diet of Mongolian gerbils suggests that the gerbil may be a useful animal model to study chronic lead poisoning in man.
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: Lead was administered as an aqueous solution of lead acetate to 3 horses and 9 goats, and the two ponies that died had liver lead levels of 91 and 206 ppm, renal cortex 225 and 183 ppm, and renal medulla 42 and 75 ppm.
Abstract: Lead was administered as an aqueous solution of lead acetate to 3 horses and 9 goats. Horse number 3 survived 2 administrations of 1000 mg Pb/kg. body weight, 170 days apart. Horse number 5 was showing signs of lead poisoning after receiving 100 mg/kg./day for 28 days. This horse died when lead acetate solution was accidently placed in the trachea. Horse number 7 died after receiving 200 mg/kg./day for 9 days. The two ponies that died had liver lead levels of 91 and 206 ppm, renal cortex 225 and 183 ppm, and renal medulla 42 and 75 ppm. Four pregnant Spanish goats aborted and died after receiving from 400 to 3200 mg Pb/kg. body weight. Three non-pregnant goats died from lead intoxication after receiving 400 to 3200 mg/kg. One goat survived and gained weight after receiving 2 doses of 1600 mg/kg. body weight 132 days apart. Animals will abort after ingestion of lead, and the cause of abortion can be diagnosed by analysis of fetal liver for lead. 20 references.
TL;DR: The present results suggest that the increase in the bone acid phosphatase activity and the serum calcium level caused by lead administration is independent upon the action by parathyroid hormone.
Abstract: The effect of thyroparathyroidectomy and thyrocalcitonin on the bone acid phosphatase activity and the serum calcium level in lead-treated rats was studied. Lead administration to intact rats produced a significant increase in bone acid phosphatase activity and serum calcium level. Thyroparathyroidectomy significantly decreased the bone acid phosphatase activity and the serum calcium level in intact normal rats. However, lead administration prevented this reduction. Thyrocalcitonin injection significantly depressed the bone acid phosphatase activity and the serum calcium level elevated by the administration of lead to thyroparathyroidectomized rats and intact normal rats. The present results suggest that the increase in the bone acid phosphatase activity and the serum calcium level caused by lead administration is independent upon the action by parathyroid hormone.
TL;DR: The substitution of a 20% zinc acetate solution containing a trace of a trivalent metal chloride to precipitate zinc derivatives yields, in some cases, superior cleanup of interfering compounds of primary extracts.
Abstract: The official Association of Official Analytical Chemists’ and American Oil Chemists’ Society’s methods for aflatoxin assay of cottonseed products utilize 20% lead acetate solution to remove gossypol, fatty acids, and traces of lipids as insoluble lead derivatives. The substitution of a 20% zinc acetate solution containing a trace of a trivalent metal chloride to precipitate zinc derivatives yields, in some cases, superior cleanup of interfering compounds of primary extracts.
Journal Article•
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: Toxicological investigations were conducted in order to assess the potential value of a Beagle dog as a canine model for the study of neurotoxic effects in neonates and the lead analysis of discrete areas of the brain revealed the highest concentration in the cortex and basal ganglia and themore lowest in the cerebellum.
Abstract: Toxicological investigations were conducted in order to assess the potential value of a Beagle dog as a canine model for the study of neurotoxic effects in neonates. Forty-three daily doses of 32 mg/kg of lead acetate given per os resulted in a breakdown of the blood brain barrier evidenced by the penetration of trypan blue into the brain tissue. Beagle pups given lead acetate (125 mg/kg/day) per os, whose dams were pretreated with 5% of lead carbonate three days prior to delivery, exhibited a reddish discoloration of the cerebellum after sacrifice which followed sustained convulsions. This phenomenon was reported in rat by Pentchew et al. and Michaelson et al. but at a much higher daily lead intake. 8.0 and 16.0 mg/kg/day of lead acetate per os administered daily produced a peculiar curve of blood levels throughout the time course of administration. The lead blood levels reached their peak after approx. three weeks. Despite the continuing administration, the lead blood levels fell below 100 ..mu..g% within a few months. In the animals which expired, death was preceded by sustained convulsions. The lead analysis of discrete areas of the brain revealed the highest concentration in the cortex and basal ganglia and themore » lowest in the cerebellum. Chronic administration of 8.0 and 16.0 mg/kg/day of lead acetate resulted in significantly increased barbiturate sleeping time as compared to controls.« less