Lead acetate

About: Lead acetate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2636 publications have been published within this topic receiving 69739 citations.

Metal-ion susceptibility of oral bacterial species.

Abstract: Summary Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lead (Pb) on growth of bacterial species related to dental diseases in vitro. Methods and Results: The effects of lead acetate on representative species of the oral flora were examined at 0·1–10 mmol l−1 and compared with the effect of silver nitrate and ferrous sulfate. The minimal inhibitory concentration of lead acetate was between 0·15 and 5 mmol l−1 for the bacterial strains tested. The minimal bactericidal concentration of lead acetate for most oral species was detected in the range of 5–10 mmol l−1. Silver nitrate at a concentration of 1·25 mmol l−1 was sufficient to exhibit antibacterial activity against almost all bacteria tested. Ferrous sulfate had the lowest effect. Conclusions: The study indicated a general antimicrobial effect of lead on oral bacterial species in the range of 0·15–10 mmol l−1. The toxicity of silver nitrate was the highest, whereas that of ferrous sulfate was the lowest. Gram-positive species had a tendency to be less susceptible for metals than Gram-negatives. Significance and Impact of the Study: The study shows that it is possible that microbiological changes may occur in the dental plaque in children because of toxic exposure of environmental lead.

Luteolin protects against testicular injury induced by lead acetate by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Abstract: Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal that is harmful to humans, especially male reproductive organs. Luteolin (LUT) is a naturally occurring flavonoid with numerous biological activities. Our aim was to investigate the possible reproprotective effect of LUT against testicular deficits induced by Pb intoxication. In the present study, 28 rats were distributed into 4 groups: control, LUT (50 mg/kg), lead acetate (PbAc, 20 mg/kg), and LUT + PbAc groups, in which rats were pre-treated with LUT 3 hr before PbAc injection. All animals were treated for 7 days. Oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic markers along with histopathological changes have been examined using spectrophotometric, ELISA, real-time PCR, and histopathological methods. PbAc injection elevated Pb concentration in testicular tissue and decreased levels of sex hormones. PbAc intoxication exacerbated lipoperoxidation and nitric oxide formation, depleted superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities along with glutathione and its originated enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase). At the molecular level, PbAc deactivated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 in the testicular tissue. In addition, PbAc toxicity induced inflammatory and apoptotic cascades in testicular tissue as evidenced by the increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, inducible nitric oxide synthase, Bax, and caspase 3, while Bcl-2 was declined. Histopathological examination of testicular tissue also revealed that PbAc caused degeneration alterations in spermatogenic cells, the spermatogenic epithelial cells were disconnected from the basement membrane, and the seminiferous tubules were vacuolated. Remarkably, pre-treatment with LUT minimized significantly the testicular damage induced by PbAc. Therefore, we conclude that LUT may have a beneficial effect against PbAc-induced testicular injury through preventing oxidative challenge, inflammation, and finally apoptosis.

Effect of phosphates upon experimental skin calcinosis.

Abstract: Soft tissue calcinosis is produced at the site of subcutaneous injection of polymyxin in rats treated intravenously with lead acetate. This phenomenon is inhibited by ATP and pyro- and meta-phosphate, but is aggravated by mono- and di-basic orthosphosphate.

Induction of micronuclei in rat bone marrow after chronic exposure to lead acetate trihydrate.

Abstract: Lead increasingly contributes to pollution of the environment and may play a role in the development of adverse effects in the human and animal body. Data concerning its mutagenic, clastogenic, and carcinogenic properties have been conflicting. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of micronuclei in bone marrow erythrocytes of rats treated with lead acetate trihydrate. Outbred Wistar rats were exposed to a daily dose of 100 mg/L drinking water for 125 days. The mean value of the total number of micronuclei observed in polychromatic erythrocytes of female rats was significantly higher than that found in the control group (13.375 ± 2.722 against 9.625 ± 3.204 micronuclei/1000 cells; P = 0.024 in ANOVA). In exposed female animals, no significant reduction of the ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes was observed (0.990 ± 0.228 against 1.208 ± 0.195; P = 0.060 in ANOVA). The effects of lead acetate trihydrate in male rats are both cytotoxic and genotoxic because of a decrease in ratio of p...