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Lead acetate

About: Lead acetate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2636 publications have been published within this topic receiving 69739 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tri- n -butyl lead acetate at concentrations of 5.10 −5 -10 −7 M was effective in inhibiting high affinity uptake and in stimulating release of accumulated radioactive putative neurotransmitters by mouse brain homogenates, suggesting that dopaminergic synapses are especially susceptible to such toxicity.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Activation of Leishmania enriettii‐infected mouse macrophages in vitro by treatment with macrophage activating factor (MAF)‐rich media supplemented with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to rapid killing of the microorganism.
Abstract: Activation of Leishmanla enriettfl-lnfected mouse macrophages In vitro by treatment with macrophage activating factor (MAF)-rich media supplemented with Iipopoiysaccharlde (LPS) leads to rapid killing of the microorganism. When exposed to MAF + LPS in the presence of 30-100 �M lead acetate, however, macrophages failed to destroy the parasites. This effect was not due to lead toxicity for macrophages. Decreased microbicidal activity correlated with depressed respiratory burst as determined by measurements of glucose oxidation through the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS). Lead had little effect on Intracellular parasite killIng induced by exposure of macrophages to the electron carrier methylene blue; HMPS in such cells was similarly little affected, indicating that chemical triggering of this pathway bypassed the lead-imposed blockade. Lead also abolished macrophage activation measured by the lysis of tumor target cells in vitro. The metal failed, however, to Interfere with target-cell lysis by macrophages activated In lead-free medium, suggesting that lead inhibited the acquisition of the activated state rather than the functional expression of such state. Lead did not prevent the binding of radlolabeiled Interferon-y to macrophages; it did, however, slow down receptor turnover and degradation of bound interferon. Lead also inhibited the LPStrIggered cytotoxicity In macrophages previously exposed to interferon-’1’ in lead-free medium, suggesting that depressed intracellular killing might result from an effect on both the priming (interferon or MAF-dependent) and the triggering (LPS-dependent) steps of activation.

18 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: TCA-precipitation was found to be a useful method to evaluate free lead content; it gave similar results to gel filtration molecular chromathography.
Abstract: In this work, a selection of children was examined based on their free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) and total blood lead (PbB) contents. Two groups with clear differences in lead sensibility were selected. One group with high FEP levels (deep lead alteration), named "normal," and one group with low FEP levels (discrete lead alteration), named "lead tolerant," and both with similar PbB concentration, were formed. The selection, based on FEP level, showed a correlation with other indicators (neuromotor alterations). A lower activity of the enzymes Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GA3PD), Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was found in the normal group when compared to the tolerant group. Therefore, the influence of the lead acetate upon the same erythrocyte enzyme activities was investigated. Lead inhibition of the enzymes GA3PD and G6PD was found, and this inhibition could be related to the free lead content found in the erythrocytes. Inhibition of the enzymes 6PGD and LDH was also found, but these enzymes were not inhibited by exposure to lead acetate. Erythrocyte free lead content was high in the normal group when compared to the lead tolerant group and could be a determinant factor in the biochemical alterations found. Low erythrocyte free lead contents could be an indicator of lead tolerance. TCA-precipitation was found to be a useful method to evaluate free lead content; it gave similar results to gel filtration molecular chromathography.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Blood Pb concentrations indicate that, in this model, the Pb enters the blood rapidly and retention is prolonged, and the calf model warrants further studies on absorption and metabolism.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The administration of APE ameliorated the lead-induced alterations in liver function and structure, exemplifying the benefits of Azolla’s phytochemical contents.
Abstract: The current study investigated the protective potential of Azolla pinnate ethanolic extract (APE) against lead-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sixty male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into six groups (n = 10). The control group was orally administrated with saline. The second group received lead acetate (100 mg/kg body weight (BW) orally for 60 days). The third group was fed with APE (10 mg/kg BW orally for 60 days). The fourth group was administrated with lead acetate like the second group and APE like the third group, concomitantly, for 60 days. The fifth group was administrated with APE like the third group for 30 days, then orally administrated with the lead acetate like the second group for another 30 days. The sixth group was administrated with lead acetate like the second group for 30 days, then with APE like the third group for a further 30 days. Phytochemical analysis of APE indicated the presence of peonidin 3-O-glucoside cation, vitexin, rutin, thiamine, choline, tamarixetin, hyperoside, astragalin, and quercetin. The latter has been elucidated using one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Lead acetate increased the serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and that of urea, creatinine, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 1β, hepatic tissue malondialdehyde contents, and caspase 3 protein expression, as well as altering the hepatic tissue architecture. However, it decreased the serum levels of interleukin 10 and glutathione (GSH) contents, and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in hepatic tissue. In contrast, the administration of APE ameliorated the lead-induced alterations in liver function and structure, exemplifying the benefits of Azolla's phytochemical contents. Collectively, A. pinnate extract is a protective and curative agent against lead-induced hepatotoxicity via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic impacts.

18 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202352
2022110
202182
202087
201983
201887