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Lead acetate
About: Lead acetate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2636 publications have been published within this topic receiving 69739 citations.
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06 Aug 2015
TL;DR: It was found that lead acetate is toxic to liver and this toxicity is paralleled with increased duration of exposure, and significant increase of liver enzymes SGPT and SGOT was observed in experimental groups.
Abstract: Lead is found at low levels in Earth’s crust, mainly as lead sulfide. Lead is toxic for virtually all organs of the body and has significant debilitating effects on the nervous, renal, hepatic and hematopoietic systems. The liver is considered as one of the target organs affected by lead toxicity owing to its site of storage after exposure. Also, the liver is being one of the major organs involved in the biotransformation and detoxification of toxic substances. Absorbed lead is stored in soft tissues mainly in the liver via the portal vein, so that it is the first organ for which the histological analysis can be used to examine the morphological changes that reflect possible lead effects on somatic cells. The present study aimed to determine the structural damage in the liver by histological study and biochemical assay of liver enzyme levels. 45 rats were divided into 3 groups. Group I (control group) included 15 rats that were given distilled water by orogastric tube. Group II (experimental group) included 15 rats that were given lead acetate in a dose of 4mg/kg body weight by orogastric tube for two weeks. Group III (experimental group) included 15 rats given lead acetate by the same route and dose for four weeks. Significant increase of liver enzymes SGPT and SGOT was observed in experimental groups (group II and III). Administration of lead acetate for 2 weeks (group II) induced alteration in the hepatic architecture as evident by some of the hepatocytes appeared with acidophilic slightly vacuolated granular cytoplasm while others showed markedly vacuolated hypereosinophilic cytoplasm, Mononuclear cellular infiltration was seen in the portal tract. While in Group III, diffuse affection of the hepatic lobule was evident by extensive vacuolation of the hepatocyte cytoplasm, dark and eccentric nuclei. Others showed kayolytic nucleus, congested central vein, narrow or even obliterated blood sinusoids. The portal area revealed proliferation of bile ducts and congestion of its vessels. The hepatic architecture was disorganized with marked affection of the hepatocytes. In conclusion it was found that lead acetate is toxic to liver and this toxicity is paralleled with increased duration of exposure.
16 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that selective toxicity at low doses should be considered in parallel with hormesis.
Abstract: During the last decade, the paradigm that low toxicant doses often have stimulatory effects on plants has become widely accepted. At the same time, low toxicant doses of metal salts have been observed to inhibit the growth of the most vigorous seedlings of a population in vitro, although mean plant size has remained unaffected. We hypothesized that this kind of selective low-dose toxicity is not restricted to inorganic contaminants. We exposed annual plants (baby's breath Gypsophila elegans, purslane Portulaca oleracea, and duckweed Lemna minor) to 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-γ-2-benzopyran (HHCB) and 4-tert-octylphenol and lead acetate. As compared to unexposed G. elegans roots, 4-tert-octylphenol did not affect the mean root size of all seedlings, but it reduced the average length of roots longer than the 98(th) percentile. A comparable response was found in case of G. elegans roots treated with lead acetate beyond the 90(th) percentile. The average size of roots beyond the 90(th) percentile was decreased also when L. minor was exposed to lead acetate though the means of all roots were constant. P. oleracea seemed to be insensitive to selective toxicity. We conclude that selective toxicity at low doses should be considered in parallel with hormesis.
16 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Results indicate that lead may inhibit energy metabolism, but not ion transport or collagen biosynthesis in brain capillaries of calves and, compared with suckling rats, damage to the blood-brain barrier is less important.
Abstract: Brain capillary function was assessed in 4- to 6-week-old calves given lead acetate (15 mg/kg of body weight) orally for 7 to 8 days. Neurologic signs of lead poisoning included CNS depression, blindness, and hyperesthesia. Brain capillaries were isolated from cerebral cortex of control and lead-treated calves and evaluated for metabolic indicators, ion transport, and prolyl hydroxylase activity. In lead-treated calves, the rate of glucose metabolism was less than half that in controls. Ion efflux of 45Ca or 36Cl from endothelial cell suspensions was not affected by lead treatment. Prolyl hydroxylase activity in endothelium and proline-to-hydroxyproline ratio in endothelial basement membranes were similar in control and lead-poisoned calves. Results indicate that lead may inhibit energy metabolism, but not ion transport or collagen biosynthesis in brain capillaries of calves and, compared with suckling rats, damage to the blood-brain barrier is less important. In calves, neuronal tissue may be the primary target for the CNS effects of lead.
16 citations
TL;DR: In the present study, under a transmission electron microscope, ameliorated morphological damages in the hippocampus were observed in MGN-treated groups, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione (GSH) content, andThe GSH/oxidized glutATHione ratio in M GN- treated groups were increased, respectively.
Abstract: Lead is a ubiquitous environmental and industrial pollutant Exposure to excessive amounts of lead is especially harmful to the central nervous systems of infants and young children, and oxidative stress has been reported as a major mechanism of lead-induced toxicity To evaluate the ameliorative potential of antioxidant mangiferin (MGN) on lead-induced toxicity, Morris water maze test, determination of blood and bone lead concentration, determination of antioxidant status in plasma, as well as observation of ultrastructural changes in the hippocampus were carried out In the present study, under a transmission electron microscope, ameliorated morphological damages in the hippocampus were observed in MGN-treated groups Blood and bone lead concentration in MGN-treated groups lowered to some extent (p < 005, p < 001) The activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione (GSH) content, and the GSH/oxidized glutathione ratio in MGN-treated groups were increased, respectively Further studies are needed to establish whether the observed differences were a direct cause of mangiferin on lead-induced toxicity or not This study might provide clues for the treatment of lead-induced toxicity
16 citations
TL;DR: Various doses and forms of tetracycline were administered to young monkeys that received multiple injections of lead acetate as a vital marker of the calcification sites, and retarded bone growth occurred under some conditions.
Abstract: Various doses and forms of tetracycline were administered to young monkeys that received multiple injections of lead acetate as a vital marker of the calcification sites. The effects of these tetracyclines on membranous bone growth were assessed histologically ; retarded bone growth occurred under some conditions.
16 citations