Lead acetate

About: Lead acetate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2636 publications have been published within this topic receiving 69739 citations.

Effect of lithium on thyroidal 131iodine uptake, its clearance, and circulating levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in lead-treated rats.

Abstract: The influence of lead acetate (50 mg per kg body weight) on the 131iodine (131I) biokinetics (uptake and retention) in rat thyroid and serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3) as well as thyroxine (T4) was evaluated as a function of time and in combination with lithium treatment. The 2-h and 24-h uptake of 131I in the thyroid was stimulated significantly by lead treatment. The 24-h uptake showed a maximum stimulation after 4 months of lead treatment. Lithium supplementation, however, showed the opposite effect by reducing the iodine uptake, whereby the maximum decrease was noticed after 2 months of treatment. Further, simultaneous lead and lithium treatment resulted in an even more pronounced increase of 2-h 131I uptake with a maximum after 3 months. However, the 24-h uptake after 3 months and 4 months of treatment did not differ significantly from the lead treated reference groups. The thyroidal biological half-life of 131I (Tbiol) was found to have clearly increased following the lead/lithium treatment. Interestingly, the combined lead/lithium treatment applied for 4 months caused a further growth of Tbiol, thus reflecting an increased retention of 131I. A maximum increase of Tbiol was seen after 2 months of combined treatment. A progressive decline of the circulating T3 and T4 levels following lead or lithium treatment was noticed and was more pronounced after combined treatment.

Exposure to low level of lead during preweaning period increases metallothionein-3 expression and dysregulates divalent cation levels in the brain of young rats.

Abstract: Lead (Pb) is a neurotoxic heavy metal, but the mechanism of its neurotoxicity is not clearly understood. Expression of metallothioneins (MTs) is induced in response to heavy metal exposure as a protective mechanism against heavy metal toxicity. There are several isoforms of MTs (MT-1 to 4), of which MT-3 is the neuron specific isoform, which also has neurite growth inhibitory effects. Whereas, the induction of MT-1 and 2 in response to Pb has been reported, the effect of Pb on the expression of MT-3 in the brain has not been documented. This study aimed at investigating the effect of Pb exposure on the expression of MT-3 in the cerebrum and hippocampus. Wistar rat pups were exposed to Pb via their dams’ drinking water (0.2% lead acetate in deionized water) from postnatal day (PND) 0 to 21 and directly via drinking water until PND30. Expression of MT-3 was measured by Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. MT-3 localization was done by immunohistochemistry. Divalent metal ions were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Levels of Pb in blood and cerebrum were significantly increased, while that of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) were significantly decreased in the Pb-exposed rats at both PND21 and PND30. MT-3 protein was significantly increased in the cerebrum (by 2.5-fold) and in hippocampus (1.4 to 3.2-fold) in both PND21 and PND30 Pb-exposed rats over controls. MT-3 gene expression also increased in the cerebrum (by 42%), and in the hippocampus (by 65% and 43% in the PND21 and PND30 rats, respectively), in the Pb-exposed rats over controls, but the increase was statistically significant (p

Ultrastructural examination of Aeromonas cultured in the presence of organic lead.

Abstract: Aeromonas sp. will methylate trimethyl lead acetate (Me/sub 3/PbOAc) to volatile tetramethyl lead (Me/sub 4/Pb). Examination of cultures grown in the presence of Me/sub 3/PbOAc revealed no major irregularities between cells of the treated and untreated cultures. Some cells, however, showed evidence that intracytoplasmic materials had been leached from the cells. The lead-treated cells were interpreted to contain lead ions on the basis of energy-dispersive x-ray analysis.

Hemato-biochemical and immunotoxicological effects of low electromagnetic field and its interaction with lead acetate in mice

Abstract: The present study was carried out to investigate the potential effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) and lead acetate on some hemato-biochemical, immune and pathologic variables in mice. A total 120 female mice were equally divided into eight groups. Gp. 1 kept as control. Gp. 2 exposed to EMF of 2 millitesla intensity and 50 Hz frequency (4h/day) for 30 days. Gps. 3, 4 and 5 were administered lead acetate orally at various doses (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg BW) for 30 days. The last 3 groups (6, 7 and 8) were exposed to EMF- lead combination for the same period. EMF- exposure, for 4h/day during 30 consecutive days, induced a significant increase in the erythrogram, leukogram and platelet counts, compared to control. Anemia, leucopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia and monocytopenia were recorded with oral administration of lead acetate at various doses. The severity of changes was dose related. The phagocytosis % and phagocytic index were significantly (P<0.05) increased in mice exposed to EMF for 30 days (gp.2) but decreased in those given high doses of lead acetate. However, the immune parameters were insignificantly changed in groups 3, 7 and 8. Comparing to unexposed mice, significant variations in biochemical parameters (glucose, enzymes, and protein profiles) were noticed. Lead-EMF combination had synergistic effect on some previous parameters, whereas mice given the highest dose of lead with EMF aggravated hematobiochemical and pathological findings. We concluded that the combined EMF and lead acetate- exposure produced severe changes in the hemato-biochemical and immune parameters which were both real and inconsistent.

Prophylactic effects of Wormwood on lipid peroxidation in an animal model of lead intoxication.

Abstract: The ability of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) extract (A.Ab) to restore membrane-bound enzymes like Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Ca(++)-ATPase, Mg(++)-ATPase, and oxidative damage induced by lead were investigated. Rats were exposed to lead acetate (750 ppm) for 11-weeks and treated during 4-weeks with A.Ab. Lipid levels, ATPase activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and proteins carbonyl were estimated. In liver and kidney, lead acetate inhibited membrane-bound enzymes and increased (P < 0.05) the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, TBARS, and carbonyl proteins. After 4 weeks, the intoxicated group who received A.Ab showed a significant reduction in TBARS and carbonyl levels in liver and kidney compared to group exposed to lead. A.Ab restored the levels of membrane-bound enzymes and lipid levels to near normal. These results indicate that aqueous Wormwood extract had a significant antioxidant activity and protect liver and kidney from the lead-induced toxicity.