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Lead acetate
About: Lead acetate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2636 publications have been published within this topic receiving 69739 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a numerical successive linear extrapolation method was used to derive stoichiometries and thermodynamic stability constants (ionic strength = 0) for the complexes Pb(CH3COO)-COO+ and Pb2+COO−2 respectively.
47 citations
TL;DR: Data suggest that a change in the activation of hippocampal PKC may be involved in the lead-induced deficit in learning, and continuous and longer duration of lead exposure appears to affect the learning performance and hippocampus PKC activation.
Abstract: Long-term exposure to a low level of lead is associated with learning deficits. Several types of learning have been correlated to hippocampal protein kinase C (PKC) activation. This study was designed to determine if there is a correlation between the effects of lead on hippocampal PKC activation and those on learning performance. Rats were exposed to 0.2% (w/v) lead acetate at different developmental stages including a maternally exposed group, a postweaning exposed group, and a continuously exposed group. The continuously lead exposed rats tended to avoid less frequently and not respond more frequently in two-way active avoidance training than did controls. This training process was associated with translocation of hippocampal PKC activity from cytosol to membrane. Two-way analysis of variance of data indicates that there is a significant training and lead treatment interaction in the ratio of membrane to cytosolic PKC activity (F3,32 = 3.013; p = 0.044). The interaction is attributable to the absence of the training-induced PKC translocation in the continuously lead exposed rats. In addition, no significant changes were observed in learning performance and training-induced hippocampal PKC activation after maternal and postweaning lead exposure. Continuous and longer duration of lead exposure appears to affect the learning performance and hippocampal PKC activation. These data suggest that a change in the activation of hippocampal PKC may be involved in the lead-induced deficit in learning.
46 citations
TL;DR: It is revealed that while small and medium follicles were significantly affected even at the lowest dose, the large follicle were affected mostly at the highest dose, and these findings correlated well with increased blood lead levels.
Abstract: Lead, a potent reproductive toxicant in humans and experimental animals, was used to detect the morphological basis of ovarian toxicity in mice by counting the various stages of follicular development using different doses of lead acetate (0, 2, 4 or 8 mg/kg/d) for 60 d (5 d/wk) by oral gavage. Our results revealed that while small and medium follicles were significantly affected even at the lowest dose (2 mg), the large follicles were affected mostly at the highest dose. Atresia even in the medium follicles reflected the extent of damage caused by lead. These findings correlated well with increased blood lead levels. Therefore, lead seems to affect the follicular development and maturation, if mice are exposed to sufficiently high concentrations of metal through the oral route.
46 citations
TL;DR: Data suggest that brain catalase is involved in ethanol's effects and provide further support for the notion that acetaldehyde may be produced directly in the brain viaCatalase and that it may be a factor mediating some of ethanol's central effects.
Abstract: It has been proposed that brain catalase plays a role in the modulation of some psychopharmacological effects of ethanol. The acute administration of lead acetate has demonstrated a transient increase in several antioxidant cell mechanisms, including catalase. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acute lead acetate administration on ethanol-induced behavior, brain catalase activity, and the relation between both effects. Lead acetate (100 mg/kg) or saline was injected intraperitoncally in mice. At different intervals of time (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, or 11 days) after this treatment, ethanol (2.5 g/kg) was injected intraperitoneally and the mice were placed in open field chambers. Results indicated that the locomotor activity induced by ethanol was significantly increased. Maximum ethanol-induced locomotion increase (70% more activity than control animals) was found in animals treated with lead acetate 7 days before ethanol administration. Total brain catalase activity in lead-pretreated animals also showed a significant induction, which was maximum 7 days after lead administration. A significant correlation was found between both effects of locomotor and catalase activity. In a second study, the effect of lead administration on d-amphetamine (2.0 mg/kg) and tert-butanol-(0.5 g/kg) induced locomotor activity was investigated. Lead acetate treatment did not affect the locomotion induced by these drugs. These data suggest that brain catalase is involved in ethanol's effects. They also provide further support for the notion that acetaldehyde may be produced directly in the brain via catalase and that it may be a factor mediating some of ethanol's central effects.
46 citations
TL;DR: Data imply that, in spite of the similarities in the response of the lead and calcium absorptive processes to various treatments, there is no direct interaction between these cations in the intestine of the chick.
Abstract: The present study was designed to investigate, in more detail, the mechanism of lead transport by the gastrointestinal tract and particularly the similarities or dissimilarities between lead and calcium in this process. The absorption of these metals was determined in 3-week-old white Leghorn cockerels, raised on a commercial diet or special diets, using an in vivo ligated loop procedure. The dose administered into the loop usually contained 0.5 microCi 203Pb (and/or 0.1 microCi 47Ca), 0.01 mM lead acetate (and/or 1 mM CaCl2) in 0.5 ml of 0.15 M NaCl, pH 6.5. It was shown that lead is rapidly taken up by the intestinal tissue, and only slowly transferred into the circulation whereas calcium, also accumulated rapidly by the tissue, is rapidly released from the tissue in the serosal direction. The absorption processes of these cations show similar responses to various experimental conditions (low calcium intake, age of the animal, pH of the dosing solution). However, increasing luminal stable lead concentration from 0.01 to 1 mM Pb, significantly reduced the percentage of radiolead absorbed, but did not inhibit the absorption of radiocalcium, Also, luminal Ca (0-25 mM) did not significantly affect the absorption of 203Pb. These data imply that, in spite of the similarities in the response of the lead and calcium absorptive processes to various treatments, there is no direct interaction between these cations in the intestine of the chick.
46 citations