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Lead acetate

About: Lead acetate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2636 publications have been published within this topic receiving 69739 citations.


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TL;DR: A significant retardation was observed in both brain parts of rats suckling from mothers ingesting lead and the labelling of glutamine was particularly low in comparison with glutamate, aspartate and γ‐aminobutyrate.
Abstract: —The development with age of the pattern of distribution of glucose carbon characteristic of the adult brain was studied in 7-, 13-, 19- and 24-day-old rats suckling from mothers maintained on a diet containing 4·5% lead acetate or on a normal diet. In normal rats the rapid and extensive conversion of glucose carbon into amino acids associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle has been shown to develop in the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex during the same period as previously observed for the whole forebrain. A significant retardation was observed in both brain parts of rats suckling from mothers ingesting lead. In comparison with glutamate, aspartate and γ-aminobutyrate, the labelling of glutamine was particularly low. The concentration of glutamine was not affected in the forebrain, but it was elevated in the cerebellum. The age-dependent rise in the amounts of glutamate and aspartate was also retarded, but it would appear that the contribution of this effect to the depressed labelling of amino acids was small. There was no evidence of impaired entry of glucose into the brain from the blood. Although in comparison with undernourished animals, the growth retardation of the lead-treated rats is similar, several of the effects observed on the developing brain seem to be distinct.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The purpose of this study was to assess the oral bioavailability of lead in soil collected from a former smelter site in Sandy, Utah, USA and the ratio of the doses of lead acetate and soil lead that produced the same tissue response provided an index of relative bioavailability.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the oral bioavailability of lead in soil collected from a former smelter site in Sandy, Utah, USA. Sprague-Dawley rats (approximately 4 weeks of age, 5 of each sex in group) were given either soil lead or lead acetate mixed in a purified diet (AIN-93G ™) at four different concentrations for 31 consecutive days. Food consumption measurements were used to compute mean daily lead exposures for the soil lead and lead acetate groups. The lead acetate treatment yielded higher concentrations of lead in the blood and bone than the soil lead treatment. Mean blood lead values ranged from below the detection limit (3 μg dL−1) to 27.25 μg lead dL−1 for the lead acetate groups at dose levels of 0.10–2.91 mg lead kg body weight−1 and from below the detection limit to 8.8 μg lead dL−1 for the soil lead groups at doses of 0.11–3.43 mg lead kg body weight−1. At these same doses, mean bone values ranged from 0.52 to 26.92 μg lead g−1 for the lead acetate groups and from 0.64 to 13.1 μg lead g−1 for the soil lead groups. Relative per cent bioavailability was estimated by modelling the dose-blood concentration curves for the lead acetate treatment and the dosed soil lead treatment, and then comparing doses that produce an equivalent blood lead concentration. The ratio of the doses of lead acetate and soil lead that produced the same tissue response (i.e., concentration) provided an index of relative bioavailability. For lead, the bioavailability of soil lead relative to lead acetate was 41% at a blood concentration of 6 μg lead dL−1.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A significant dose-dependent increase in the BALF supernatant and lung homogenate levels of MDA and NO with decrease GSH level and SOD activity were observed in the lead-treated groups compared with the control group, suggesting lead acetate may be contributed to respiratory disorders via increased oxidative stress.
Abstract: Despite the wide spread of lead environmental pollution, the effect of this heavy metal on respiratory disease was not shown yet. In respect to increased oxidative stress is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of respiratory disease, the present study was designed to examine the association between lead toxicity and lung disease via measuring oxidative stress biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue of rat. For this aim, 32 rats were divided into the following groups of eight animals each: control, three lead tested (received lead acetate in the drinking water for a period of 14 d at concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 ppm) groups. At the end of the 2 week period, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents were measured to assess free radical activity in the BALF and lung tissue. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also determined. A significant dose-dependent increase in the BALF supernatant and lung homogenate levels of MDA and NO with decrease GSH level and SOD activity were observed in the lead-treated groups compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Thus, lead acetate may be contributed to respiratory disorders via increased oxidative stress.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The differential sensitivity of open field activity and select hippocampal theta frequencies to the timing of lead administration suggests that the identification of toxic consequences depends on the function assessed and the developmental stage during which lead exposure occurred.

39 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lead levels in blood were highly correlated with the accumulation of lead in brain, femur, and kidney tissue in both groups of weanling rats, and in adult rats, significant correlations between blood lead and kidney lead and between blood and femur lead were found only in the rats receiving lead steadily in drinking water.
Abstract: The relative toxicity of low doses of lead acetate provided steadily in drinking water or by mouth once per week was studied in weanling and adult rats. Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin and urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid levels were measured, as well as lead levels in blood and kidney. The accumulation of lead in brain tissue and in bone (femur) was measured to determine the effect of age and schedule of administration on tissue distribution and retention of lead. Total intakes of lead during the 60-week experimental period were: weanling and adult rats exposed to drinking water supplemented with 200 microgram of lead acetate/ml: 127 +/- 10 mg and 160 +/- 16 mg, respectively; weanling and adult rats dosed with lead acetate orally once per week: 132 mg and 161 mg, respectively. Increased toxic effects of lead in the weanling animals were apparent in most of the parameters measured (urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid and blood, brain, femur and kidney lead levels). This pattern was observed in weanling rats exposed to lead steadily through drinking water or dosed orally with an equivalent quantity of lead once per week. Lead levels in blood were highly correlated with the accumulation of lead in brain, femur, and kidney tissue in both groups of weanling rats. In adult rats, significant correlations between blood lead and kidney lead and between blood lead and femur lead were found only in the rats receiving lead steadily in drinking water.

39 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202352
2022110
202182
202087
201983
201887