Showing papers on "Lead zirconate titanate published in 1968"

High‐Field Losses of Adulterated Lead Zirconate‐Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics

Abstract: The high-field losses of adulterated lead zirconate-titanate ceramics were compared on the basis of rates of temperature rise of standard-size samples in the same transducer configuration. Systematic chemical modification in light of the ionic model of the perovskite structure was used to produce ceramics with widely varying high-field behavior. High-field losses could be greatly reduced by adulteration of either cation site with ions of lower than normal valency. At 1 at.% concentration, lowest losses were found with adulterants whose valence was one unit less than normal. The results are explained as stoichiometric effects. Normal air-fired lead zirconate-titanate ceramics are considered to be deficient in metal tons. Adulteration with subvalent cations reduces the iotal oxygen content of the ceramic and brings it toward true ABO3 stoichiometry. Lowest losses are postulated for truly stoichiometric bodies.

Measured and calculated surface-wave velocities

Abstract: Calculated and measured elastic surface-wave velocities are reported for α-quartz, CdS, GaAs, InSb, Ge, Si, Te, YIG (yttrium iron garnet), LiNbO 3 , ZnO, and PZT-4 (lead zirconate titanate).

Piezoelectric Ceramics—Their Indigenous Development and Production

Abstract: Piezoelectric ceramics—a class of oxidic ferro-electric materials with specific modifications—display excellent electro-mechanical properties for use as transducer elements in the production of high voltages, ultrasonics, wave fiilters, radiation detectors and for pressure measurements. The paper gives an account of the efforts made in the direction of indigenous development and production of lead zirconate titanate type of materials at Armament Research and Development Establishment and describes their characteristics and typical uses.

Development of ferroelectric nuclear radiation detectors.

Abstract: : Nuclear radiation detectors utilizing the pyroelectric effect of a ferroelectric material, specifically, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), have been developed. The detectors are rate measuring devices with a sensitivity of 0.6 pC/cm sq -Rad (PZT). The analyses of the the theory, design, and experiments, as presented, demonstrate that the ferroelectric radiation detector system can be fabricated to measure gamma and X-ray energy spectra for a single radiation pulse and that this detector system can evaluate the time-dependence of these spectra. Further, it has been demonstrated that these detection systems are small in size, require a minimum of support equipment such as bias voltage power supplies, and provide instantaneous readout of the data. Experiments have demonstrated the reproducibility of data and linear response to dose rates greater than 10 to the 12th power rad/sec. (Author)