Showing papers on "Lead zirconate titanate published in 1981"
TL;DR: In this article, the product of the electrostriction coefficientQ and the Curie-Weiss constantC is constant for all perovskite crystals and the Q value is proportional to the square of the thermal expansion coefficient,α.
Abstract: Properties of new electrostrictive materials for displacive transducers are reviewed including theoretical, material and design studies. Intensive investigation of the electrostrictive effects in ferroelectric and antiferroelectric perovskites have led to some empirical rules: the product of the electrostriction coefficientQ and the Curie-Weiss constantC is constant for all perovskite crystals and theQ value is proportional to the square of the thermal expansion coefficient,α. Consistent with the empirical rules, the relaxor ferroelectric ceramic 0.9 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 −0.1 PbTiO3 possesses much larger strain with lower hysteresis, aging effects and thermal expansion than that obtained with piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Using a multilayer configuration similar to commercial capacitors, a new mirror control device capable of large strains with high reproducibility, up toΔL/L ∼ 10−3, with only 200 V applied has been developed.
222 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the V2O5 was incorporated as a batch addition during the coprecipitation process, as mill additions to the calcined precipitated powder, and to a commercial PZT powder.
Abstract: Additions of 0.1 to 6.0 wt% V2O, to lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics promoted rapid densification below 975°C, thereby eliminating the need for PbO atmosphere control The base PZT, Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3, was prepared by coprecipitation from mixed oxides and butoxides. The V2O5 was incorporated as a batch addition during the PZT coprecipitation process, as mill additions to the calcined precipitated powder, and to a commercial PZT powder. Densification rates were enhanced by the addition of V2O5 (>98% of theoretical density was obtained in ∼15 min at 960°C by the addition of 0.1 to 1.0 wt% V2O5, compared to 4 h at 1280°C for the base PZT). Dielectric properties and piezoelectric coefficients varied slightly within the optimum range of 0.25 to 1.0 wt% V2O5 addition but were at least comparable to the base PZT. Indications are that V2O5 becomes incorporated into the surface layers of the oxide powders during mixing (or in the coprecipitation process) and that the accelerated densification is due to enhanced surface activation and liquid-phase sintering.
102 citations
Patent•
24 Apr 1981TL;DR: In this paper, a composite of PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) and a compliant polymer matrix with 3-1 connectivity is described. But the fabrication method is not described.
Abstract: A composite of PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) and a compliant polymer matrixaving 3-1 connectivity (i.e., in a diphasic material, one of the two phases is continuously self-connected in all three mutually perpendicular directions and the second phase is self-connected only along one of the three mutually perpendicular directions) and fabrication method thereof is described. An array of parallel PZT rod elements is embedded in a mechanically compliant polymer matrix with their axes along the direction of the poling electric field. Such a composite has a high value of g h , d h and g 33 with very little sacrifice in the value of d 33 .
79 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used electron diffraciton and transmission electron microscopy to study the domains and domain walls of lead zirconate titanate and showed that the 90° and 180° domains are deformation twins with displacement along 〈110〉 on {110}.
Abstract: The crystallography of the domains and domain walls in lead zirconate titanate are studied using electron diffraciton and transmission electron microscopy. Both 90 ° and 180 ° domains are observed and the 90° domains are shown to be deformation twins with displacement along 〈110〉 on {110}. The thickness of the 90 ° domain wall is determined to be ≲100 A.
72 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of doping with multiple impurities on the electromechanical properties of lead zirconate-titanate ceramics have been investigated from the viewpoint of the internal bias field.
Abstract: The effects of doping with multiple impurities on the electromechanical properties of lead zirconate-titanate ceramics have been investigated from the viewpoint of the internal bias field. The internal bias field is strengthened by doping with the multiple acceptors K and Fe, but weakened by the multiple donors La and Nb. Simultaneous doping with donor and acceptor prevents the field from being enhanced by the latter. These facts suggest that the internal bias field is caused by a complex of an acceptor impurity and an oxygen vacancy. The properties of ceramics can be varied by controlling this field, and the mechanical quality factor and the aging change in the frequency constant are proportional to it.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the reaction sequence and the calcination reaction diagrams for the formation of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) solid solutions were investigated, and the formation reactions were studied by differential thermal analyses, wet chemical titrimetric techniques for determining uncombined PbO, and by X-ray diffraction for phase determinations as a function of calcining temperatures and times.
Abstract: The reaction sequence and the calcination reaction diagrams for the formation of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) solid solutions were investigated. The formation reactions were studied by differential thermal analyses, wet chemical titrimetric techniques for determining uncombined PbO, and by X-ray diffraction for phase determinations as a function of calcining temperatures and times.
29 citations
TL;DR: Piezoelectricity in in vivo bone has been demonstrated by exciting the bone with a coupled transducer made of modified lead zirconate titanate material and the electrical signal in the excited bone is detected with the help of implanted stainless stell electrodes.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduced the activities of ferroelectric ceramics research in China, including the conventional barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate, the induced phase transition in PZT, the (Ba1-XSrx)2NaNb5O15,(Na1XLiX)NbO3 system, the hot forging of Bi4(PbXSr1-Sr 1-X)Ti4O15), the mixed oxide system of the low sintering temperature are discussed briefly.
Abstract: The activities of ferroelectric ceramics research in China are introduced. Besides the conventional barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate ceramics, the induced phase transition in PZT, the (Ba1-XSrx)2NaNb5O15,(Na1-XLiX)NbO3 system, the hot forging of Bi4(PbXSr1-X)Ti4O15, the mixed oxide system of the low sintering temperature are discussed briefly. Research activity on PLZT and its phase transition are presented.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the V2O5 was incorporated as a batch addition during the coprecipitation process, as mill additions to the calcined precipitated powder, and to a commercial PZT powder.
Abstract: Additions of 0.1 to 6.0 wt% V2O, to lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics promoted rapid densification below 975°C, thereby eliminating the need for PbO atmosphere control The base PZT, Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3, was prepared by coprecipitation from mixed oxides and butoxides. The V2O5 was incorporated as a batch addition during the PZT coprecipitation process, as mill additions to the calcined precipitated powder, and to a commercial PZT powder. Densification rates were enhanced by the addition of V2O5 (>98% of theoretical density was obtained in ∼15 min at 960°C by the addition of 0.1 to 1.0 wt% V2O5, compared to 4 h at 1280°C for the base PZT). Dielectric properties and piezoelectric coefficients varied slightly within the optimum range of 0.25 to 1.0 wt% V2O5 addition but were at least comparable to the base PZT. Indications are that V2O5 becomes incorporated into the surface layers of the oxide powders during mixing (or in the coprecipitation process) and that the accelerated densification is due to enhanced surface activation and liquid-phase sintering.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of coefficients in the thermodynamical potential expansion on existence and position of the morphotropic phase boundary is analyzed, and the effect of the coefficients on the position of morphotropic phases is discussed.
Abstract: The influence of coefficients in the thermodynamical potential expansion on existence and position of the morphotropic phase boundary is analysed.
4 citations