Lead zirconate titanate

About: Lead zirconate titanate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7141 publications have been published within this topic receiving 150878 citations.

Low-Temperature Processing of FerroelectricPb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3Thin Film from Molecular-Designed Alkoxide Precursor Solution

Abstract: A novel method is developed for the sol-gel preparation of Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 (PZT) thin films. This method involves the insertion of an in situ crystallizing interlayer film of perovskite lead titanate (PT) as a seeding layer that offers nucleation sites which lower the activation energy for crystallization. Highly crystallized PZT films with the perovskite structure were successfully obtained on Pt-coated silicon wafers and even on silica-glass substrate. The formation temperature of a perovskite single phase in the PZT thin film was effectively lowered to 500° C in air and 450° C in a mixture of water vapor and oxygen. Relative permittivity, e r, of the resultant films annealed below 500° C increased with increasing film thickness and leveled off at around 1.5 µ m thickness. e r saturated at around 500 at 1 kHz. This behavior was compared with those of films prepared by other methods at relatively high temperatures. It was concluded that the molecular design of the alkoxide precursor solution and the use of an in situ crystallizing PT seeding layer were essential for lowering the crystallization temperature as well as for obtaining good electrical properties of the resultant PZT thin films.

Determination of residual stresses in Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 thin films with Raman spectroscopy

Abstract: The present work uses Raman spectra to measure residual stresses in Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 thin films. Based on thermodynamic analysis, a linear relationship is found between the stress and the square of the Raman frequency in the A1 [transverse optical3 (TO3)] and E [longitudinal optical3 (LO3)] modes. We calibrate the linear relationship by measuring the Raman spectra of stressed bulk Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 samples. Then, we assess residual stresses in the lead zirconate titanate thin films at different thicknesses and different annealing temperatures. The residual stresses extracted from the A1(TO3) mode are consistent with those from the E(LO3) mode, which are more or less the same as those measured by the x-ray diffraction sin2 ψ method.

Integrated thin-film piezoelectric traveling wave ultrasonic motors

Abstract: An integrated approach to the fabrication of thin-film piezoelectric traveling wave ultrasonic motors at the mm-scale is being developed for low power, high torque motors for small scale robotics, biomedical, and sensing applications. This paper describes the realization of ultrasonic motor stators ranging in diameter from 1 to 3 mm using wafer scale MEMS fabrication techniques with lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films. Using laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV), controlled traveling waves were demonstrated in the bulk silicon elastic medium of the stator and the standing wave behavior was characterized for control purposes. Furthermore, the resonant modes of the fabricated stators were modeled using finite element models, and experimental results agree well with this analysis.

Combined embedded and surface-bonded piezoelectric transducers for monitoring of concrete structures

Abstract: Piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers are increasingly used for monitoring various engineering structures. PZT transducers are used for monitoring structures based on the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) for a single PZT and the wave propagation technique for multiple PZTs. In concrete structures, the EMI sensing region is small due to high damping of the concrete. Using the wave propagation technique with high actuation voltage, a larger area can be monitored. The smart aggregates (embedded PZT transducers) can be employed using the wave transmission technique to monitor very large areas with a reasonably low actuation signal. The combination of smart aggregates (using the wave transmission technique) with surface bonded PZTs (using the wave propagation technique) can provide an effective method to study both the local and overall conditions of the structure. In this work, a concrete beam with the dimensions of 220×40×20 cm was cast and nine PZT transducers were embedded or attached on the beam. The PZT readings were correlated with the damage on the structure. Combination of smart aggregates (using the wave transmission technique) with surface bonded PZTs (using the wave propagation technique) for SHM was studied. The results show that this combination provides an effective way to assess both the local and overall conditions of the structure.

Experimental and theoretical investigation on polarization reversal in unfatigued lead-zirconate-titanate ceramic

Abstract: The dynamics of polarization switching in a soft lead-zirconate-titanate ceramic has been studied over a broad time window ranging from 10−6–106 for applied fields between 0.5 and 2.5 kV/mm. The classical Kolmogorov–Avrami–Ishibashi model of the polarization reversal was not able to satisfactory explain the obtained results. Therefore, a new concept for the polarization dynamics of ferroelectric ceramics has been suggested, which is based on two principal assumptions, (1) a strong dependence of the polarization switching time on the local electric field and (2) a random distribution of the local switching times caused by an intrinsic randomness in the field distribution within the system. Thereby the switching volume is composed as an ensemble of many regions with independent dynamics governed by local field exclusively. Such random field distribution could be well adjusted by a Gaussian distribution around the mean value of the field applied. A total polarization dependence on time and applied field was obtained in explicit form with only three fitting parameters which enabled a good description of the experimental results on polarization reversal in the whole time-field domain.