Lead zirconate titanate

About: Lead zirconate titanate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7141 publications have been published within this topic receiving 150878 citations.

Crystallization of sol‐gel derived lead‐zirconate‐titanate thin films in argon and oxygen atmospheres

Abstract: Electron diffraction and high‐resolution electron microscopic techniques are applied to reveal the mechanisms of crystallization of free standing 75‐nm‐thick thin films of ferroelectric lead‐zirconate‐titanate (PZT). Sol‐gel methods, followed by pyrolysis at 350 °C, were used to provide a common starting point after which a variety of rapid‐thermal annealing (RTA) experiments in the temperature range 400–700 °C were made in argon, oxygen, and nitrogen/hydrogen atmospheres. The results are interpreted in terms of a crystal chemical analysis, which points out that partial pressure of oxygen and heating rate are important experimental parameters which must be controlled if ferroelectric perovskite‐type Pb2(Zr,Ti)2O6, rather than pyrochlore‐type Pb2(Zr,Ti)2O6+X, where 0

Mechanical characterization of 3D printed anisotropic cementitious material by the electromechanical transducer

Abstract: 3D concrete printing is an innovative and promising construction method that is rapidly gaining ground in recent years. This technique extrudes premixed concrete materials through a nozzle to build structural components layer upon layer without formworks. The build-up process of depositing filaments or layers intrinsically produce laminated structures and create weak joints between adjacent layers. It is of great significance to clearly elaborate the mechanical characteristics of 3D printed components response to various applied loads and the different performance from the mould-cast ones. In this study, a self-developed 3D printing system was invented and applied to fabricate concrete samples. Three points bending test and direct double shear test were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of 3D printed prisms. The anisotropic behaviors were probed by loading in different directions. Meanwhile, piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers were implemented to monitor the damage evolution of the printed samples in the loading process based on the electromechanical impedance method. Test results demonstrate that the tensile stresses perpendicular to the weaken interfaces formed between filaments were prone to induce cracks than those parallel to the interfaces. The damages of concrete materials resulted in the decrease in the frequency and a change in the amplitude in the conductance spectrum acquired by mounted PZT patches. The admittance signatures showed a clear gradation of the examined damage levels of printed prisms exposed to applied loadings.

Measurement of the Total Energy Release Rate for Cracks in PZT Under Combined Mechanical and Electrical Loading

Abstract: Four-point-bending V-notched specimens of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) poled parallel to the long axis are fractured under conditions of controlled crack growth in a custom-made device. In addition to the mechanical loading electric fields, up to 500 V/mm are applied parallel and anti-parallel to the poling direction, i.e., perpendicular to the crack surface. To determine the different contributions to the total energy release rate, the mechanical and the piezoelectric compliance, as well as the electrical capacitance of the sample, are recorded continuously using small signal modulation/demodulation techniques. This allows for the calculation of the mechanical, the piezoelectric, and the electrical part of the total energy release rate due to linear processes. The sum of these linear contributions during controlled crack growth is attributed to the intrinsic toughness of the material. The nonlinear part of the total energy release rate is mostly associated to domain switching leading to a switching zone around the crack tip. The measured force-displacement curve, together with the modulation technique, enables us to determine this mechanical nonlinear contribution to the overall toughness of PZT. The intrinsic material toughness is only slightly dependent on the applied electric field (10% effect), which can be explained by screening charges or electrical breakdown in the crack interior. The part of the toughness due to inelastic processes increases from negative to positive electric fields by up to 100%. For the corresponding nonlinear electric energy change during crack growth, only a rough estimate is performed.

Ultrasonic nonlinear properties of lead zirconate-titanate ceramics

Abstract: A systematic study of the nonlinear properties of lead zirconate‐titanate (PZT) ceramics is presented The velocity, attenuation, and nonlinearity parameter of PZT ceramics were measured from room temperature to temperatures above the Curie temperature The velocity goes through a minimum near the Curie temperature In spite of a maximum in attenuation near the Curie temperature, the nonlinearity parameter exhibits a maximum whose behavior is affected by polarization Frequency dependence of the nonlinearity parameter at room temperature is reported for the first time Large third harmonics of an initially sinusoidal ultrasonic wave at room temperature suggest that either the effect of the fourth‐order elastic constants is anomalously large or that the nonlinear equation used to describe the behavior of single crystals is only approximately valid for description of PZT Strain gradients are assumed to cause the frequency dependence of the nonlinearity parameter as well as the large third harmonic