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Lead zirconate titanate

About: Lead zirconate titanate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7141 publications have been published within this topic receiving 150878 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the nonlinear electromechanical behavior of cantilevered piezoelectric ceramic bimorph, unimorph, and reduced and internally biased oxide wafer actuators is studied in a wide electric field and frequency range.
Abstract: The nonlinear electromechanical behavior of cantilevered piezoelectric ceramic bimorph, unimorph, and reduced and internally biased oxide wafer actuators is studied in a wide electric field and frequency range. It is found that under quasistatic condition, linear relationships between actuator tip displacement-electric field, and blocking force-electric field are only valid under weak field driving. With increasing the driving field, electromechanical nonlinearity begins to contribute significantly to the actuator performance because of ferroelectric hysteresis behavior associated with piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-type ceramic materials. The bending resonance frequencies of all these actuators vary with the magnitude of the electric field. The decrease of resonance frequency with electric field is explained by the increase of elastic compliance of PZT ceramic due to elastic nonlinearity. Mechanical quality factors of the actuators also depend on the magnitude of electric field strength. No significant temperature increase is observed when actuators are driven near resonance frequency under high electric field.

225 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the product of the electrostriction coefficientQ and the Curie-Weiss constantC is constant for all perovskite crystals and the Q value is proportional to the square of the thermal expansion coefficient,α.
Abstract: Properties of new electrostrictive materials for displacive transducers are reviewed including theoretical, material and design studies. Intensive investigation of the electrostrictive effects in ferroelectric and antiferroelectric perovskites have led to some empirical rules: the product of the electrostriction coefficientQ and the Curie-Weiss constantC is constant for all perovskite crystals and theQ value is proportional to the square of the thermal expansion coefficient,α. Consistent with the empirical rules, the relaxor ferroelectric ceramic 0.9 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 −0.1 PbTiO3 possesses much larger strain with lower hysteresis, aging effects and thermal expansion than that obtained with piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Using a multilayer configuration similar to commercial capacitors, a new mirror control device capable of large strains with high reproducibility, up toΔL/L ∼ 10−3, with only 200 V applied has been developed.

222 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A pyroelectric nanogenerator (PENG) based on a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) film, which has a pyro electric coefficient of about -80 nC/cm(2)K, is demonstrated, which shows potential applications in wireless sensors.
Abstract: We demonstrate a pyroelectric nanogenerator (PENG) based on a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) film, which has a pyroelectric coefficient of about −80 nC/cm 2 K. For a temperature change of 45 K at a rate of 0.2 K/s, the output open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density of the PENG reached 22 V and 171 nA/cm 2 , respectively, corresponding to a maximum power density of 0.215 mW/ cm 3 . A detailed theory was developed for understanding the high output voltage of PENG. A single electrical output pulse can directly drive a liquid crystal display (LCD) for longer than 60 s. A Li-ion battery was charged by the PENG at different working frequencies, which was used to drive a green light- emitting diode (LED). The demonstrated PENG shows potential applications in wireless sensors.

219 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that a thorough understanding on the kinetic processes is critical in analyzing energy loss behavior and other time-dependent properties in ferroelectric materials, and a general theoretical model is proposed to describe the inherent relationships among elastic, dielectric, piezoelectric and mechanical losses.
Abstract: Ferroelectric materials are the best dielectric and piezoelectric materials known today. Since the discovery of barium titanate in the 1940s, lead zirconate titanate ceramics in the 1950s and relaxor-PT single crystals (such as lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate and lead zinc niobate-lead titanate) in the 1980s and 1990s, perovskite ferroelectric materials have been the dominating piezoelectric materials for electromechanical devices, and are widely used in sensors, actuators and ultrasonic transducers. Energy losses (or energy dissipation) in ferroelectrics are one of the most critical issues for high power devices, such as therapeutic ultrasonic transducers, large displacement actuators, SONAR projectors, and high frequency medical imaging transducers. The losses of ferroelectric materials have three distinct types, i.e., elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric losses. People have been investigating the mechanisms of these losses and are trying hard to control and minimize them so as to reduce performance degradation in electromechanical devices. There are impressive progresses made in the past several decades on this topic, but some confusions still exist. Therefore, a systematic review to define related concepts and clear up confusions is urgently in need. With this objective in mind, we provide here a comprehensive review on the energy losses in ferroelectrics, including related mechanisms, characterization techniques and collections of published data on many ferroelectric materials to provide a useful resource for interested scientists and engineers to design electromechanical devices and to gain a global perspective on the complex physical phenomena involved. More importantly, based on the analysis of available information, we proposed a general theoretical model to describe the inherent relationships among elastic, dielectric, piezoelectric and mechanical losses. For multi-domain ferroelectric single crystals and ceramics, intrinsic and extrinsic energy loss mechanisms are discussed in terms of compositions, crystal structures, temperature, domain configurations, domain sizes and grain boundaries. The intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the total energy dissipation are quantified. In domain engineered ferroelectric single crystals and ceramics, polarization rotations, domain wall motions and mechanical wave scatterings at grain boundaries are believed to control the mechanical quality factors of piezoelectric resonators. We show that a thorough understanding on the kinetic processes is critical in analyzing energy loss behavior and other time-dependent properties in ferroelectric materials. At the end of the review, existing challenges in the study and control of losses in ferroelectric materials are analyzed, and future perspective in resolving these issues is discussed.

219 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Yasuo Cho1
TL;DR: In this article, a new scanning technique for imaging the state of spontaneous polarization of a ferroelectric material by measuring the microscopic point-to-point variation of its nonlinear dielectric constants is described.
Abstract: This article describes a new scanning technique for imaging the state of spontaneous polarization of a ferroelectric material by measuring the microscopic point‐to‐point variation of its nonlinear dielectric constants. First, the theory for detecting polarization is described. Second, the technique for measuring the nonlinear dielectric response is described. Finally, using this new microscope, area scans are obtained of the polarization of poled lead zirconate titanate ceramics, a lithium niobate single crystal, and of piezoelectric thin films of the copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene.

215 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023116
2022267
2021168
2020180
2019189
2018206