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Showing papers on "Leasehold estate published in 1979"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-season model of agricultural production in a peasant economy, with labor unemployment in the lean season, land rationing at a conventionally fixed crop share by a monopolistic landlord who is also the financier of consumption credit for the sharecropper families.
Abstract: In this paper we have a two-season model of agricultural production in a peasant economy, with labor unemployment in the lean season, land rationing at a conventionally fixed crop share by a monopolistic landlord who is also the financier of consumption credit for the sharecropper families. We then work out hypotheses about the relation of the equilibrium percentage of area under tenancy with land quality factors, labor-intensity of crops, extent of unemployment, interest rates, weather uncertainty, etc. Most of the hypotheses are confirmed by interstate cross-section evidence from India in early 1950s.

49 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between landowner's share and land quality and physiological population density and showed that high landowner share can be associated with high land quality or high physiological density.
Abstract: Substantial variations in landowner's share under sharecropping arrangements are documented. Partial relationships between landowner's share and land quality and between landowner's share and physiological population density are explained by extensions of the competitive theory of share tenancy. It is shown that high landowner's share can be expected to be associated with high land quality and or high physiological density. The tendency for increases in population to be associated with increases in landlords' shares can be ameliorated by land-saving technological change.

33 citations



02 Aug 1979
TL;DR: In this article, a model of linkage between land, labour, and credit transactions in the context of sharecropping is presented, where a potential tenant is precluded from working outside the farm as a part-time wage labourer.
Abstract: This paper concentrates on a model of linkage between land, labour, and credit transactions in the context of sharecropping It assumes that sharecropping is the only form of tenancy and that a potential tenant is precluded from working outside the farm as a part-time wage labourer The main result is that, as long as the landlord can vary the size of the plot given to a tenant and there are enough potential tenants, the equilibrium will be characterized by utility-equivalent contracts, ie in equilibrium, a tenant's utility obtained through sharecropping will be the same as that he could have obtained as a full-time wage labourer This result also implies that policies other than land reform will leave the welfare of each potential tenant unaltered while affecting the level of output, extent of tenancy, and welfare of landlords This model, however, provides a theoretical underpinning for two almost polar opposite phenomena: low interest consumption loans from landlord to tenant and high interest low volume loans

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Vercruijsse analyzed the forms of production involved in canoe fishing as compared with peasant farming in Ghana, arguing that the complexity of relations between boat owners, net owners and fishermen and the system of remuneration in kind hide a silent class struggle between fishermen and boat and net owners.
Abstract: Arguing for a class analysis which tries to discover, the dynamic of a society's relations of exploitation rather than simply provide a classification of ‘strata’, Vercruijsse analyses the forms of production involved in canoe fishing as compared with peasant farming in Ghana. In the former case, the complexity of relations between boat‐owners, net owners and fishermen‐labourers and the system of remuneration in kind hide a silent class struggle between fishermen‐labourers and boat and net owners. The basis for the open struggle is being laid by the expansion of large scale fishing with the increasing separation of fishermen‐labourers from the means of production. In comparison, class formation in the sense of the alienation of peasants from the land has scarcely begun though development of land tenancy and wage labour is well under way.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the problem of land reform in conditions of great inequality almost total in scope, encompassing economic, social, ritual, coercive and political spheres, such as those prevailing in the relations between poorer peasants and landlords in West Bengal.
Abstract: THIS ESSAY DISCUSSES some aspects of the problem of land reform in conditions of great inequality almost total in scope, encompassing economic, social, ritual, coercive and political spheres, such as those prevailing in the relations between poorer peasants and landlords in West Bengal. A turbulent issue in West Bangal politics is the survival of bargadar (sharecroppers) as bargadar. The issue, in the first place, is a direct consequence of attempts to achieve radical land reform in an unequal society. The West Bengal Land Reform (Amendment) Act of 1970 was radical enough to threaten the interests of the landlords but wholly ineffectual in the execution, thereby exposing the bargadar to fierce retaliation by the landlords. I examine the implementation and consequences of the Act, and argue, first, that a reduction in political inequality is an indispensable precondition for such reform to be effective, and second, that in certain circumstances radical reform can end up as a half measure and a detriment to the interests of the peasants, in this case the bargadar. The concept of land reform includes at least three different sectors in agrarian structure: land tenure (ownership or title to land); pattern of cultivation (e.g., market/subsistence); and terms of holding and scale of operation (e.g., large scale/small scale, fixed share/fixed amount as rent).' The Act of 1970, together with its later amendments, sought to modify both tenure and the terms of tenancy. The power to evict a

2 citations


Dissertation
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the land development process in Huddersfield between 1770 and 1911 and found that "the Ramsden Estate's near monopoly of development land declined" and that the Estate found it increasingly difficult to let land on the terms and conditions it wished.
Abstract: The land development process involves decision-making by landowners, developers and builders in the context of a changing socioeconomic environment. Essential to that process is the transfer of property rights either wholly (freehold) or partly (leasehold) from landowners to builders. This process is examined in Huddersfield between 1770 and 1911. Development from 1770 to 1850 was dominated by, the Ramsden Estate. Building was undertaken in an ad, hoc and informal manner by small capitalists from all ranks of society. Some limited building took place on freehold land but most houses were built on leasehold tenure or tenancy at will, the latter being available on the Ramsden Estate. After 1850 an increasing number of landowners participated in land development as suburbanisation took place, firstly amongst the upper middle classes and after 1880 amongst the lower middle classes. Consequently the Ramsden Estate's near monopoly of development land declined" and that Estate found it increasingly difficult to let land on the terms and conditions it wished. Builders, however, had a widening choice of locations in which to build and exhibited a preference for land available on long-term leasehold. By 1867 this had become the tenure on which land was available throughout Huddersfield. During the final years of the nineteenth century a number of changes were manifest in the mechanics of land development. Construction costs rose, primarily as a result of the introduction of byelaws governing house-building. Thus, not only did builders increasingly concentrate on building for the lower middle classes at the expense. of the working classes, but they also increased the size of building projects. Moreover, house building was now chiefly initiated by members of the lower middle classes or building contractors on a speculative basis rather than the contractual basis that had been the practice. Meanwhile, landowners found themselves in increasing competition with each other in the supply of land. By the beginning of the twentieth century some of the smaller landowners were offering land for development on freehold as well as leasehold tenure, whichever a builder preferred.

1 citations