Leasehold estate

About: Leasehold estate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1589 publications have been published within this topic receiving 21480 citations. The topic is also known as: leasehold & tenancy.

Digitizing and analyzing historical maps to provide new perspectives on the development of the agricultural landscape of England and Wales

Abstract: Summary The primary aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the careful digitizing of historical maps provides tremendous potential for the historian and historical geographer. A Geographical In- formation System (GIS) has been used to combine the geographic and economic information contained in the Tithe Survey of the mid Nineteenth Century with other socio-economic and environmental data for parishes in Britain's agricultural heartland and in southwest Wales. The Tithe Survey records of a parish typically consist of a map and an accompanying schedule or apportionment. The schedule lists the landowner, occupant, cultivation type and rent charge payable to the tithe owner. The map shows the location of each individual field listed in the schedule. All the maps and schedule data required for the project have been input into a GIS and consist of approximately 40,000 individual agricultural fields spread throughout 40 indi- vidual parishes of England and Wales. Sophisticated analysis enables us to assess such issues as the relative significance of landowner, occupant and natural resource endowments on agri- cultural productivity as well as identifying and quantifying how these factors interact in differ- ent spatial contexts. Whilst the results are clearly significant, the paper will underline the need to be mindful of the pitfalls of using such precise methods and techniques with historical sources and that end-user requirements should be of paramount concern when embarking on such an enterprise. The design of a suitable data model and the selection of an appropriate methodology for data input are of critical importance. Research Context The view that British agriculture was revolutionized between 1750 and 1850 is based mainly on the dramatic improvements in farm productivity achieved in certain parts of England, most notably in lowland wheat-growing regions such as East Anglia. Studies of agricultural change in England and Wales credit wealthy landowners with leading the movement for reform. These "improvers" experimented with new crops, promoted crop rotation and the use of manure and lime to enrich the soil, and sought to increase efficiency and productivity by investing in better machinery, improv- ing drainage and consolidating their landholdings. Scholars have also pointed to the growth of ur- ban markets as a powerful spur to increase productivity and to expand agriculture beyond its tradi- tional locations. Lastly, the replacement of customary rights of tenure with tenancy agreements on fixed terms of years gave tenant farmers new incentives to increase production while husbanding the soil and taking better care of the properties they rented. We know little, however, about the extent to which these changes penetrated all areas of Britain and especially those that were still poorly connected to the market economy in the early 19 th century.

Land pricing upon the extension of leases in public leasehold systems

Abstract: Purpose: This paper aims to compare and review alternative ways to adjust public ground leases. Design/methodology/approach: Based on principles derived from a review of scientific literature, alternatives for the extension of leases are discussed based on the case of Amsterdam. Findings: Many alternatives lead public ground-lease systems to produce results that are the opposite of what they are intended to be (as inspired by Henry George): new improvements result in higher rent, but additional location values do not result in higher rent. One exception is the lease-adjustment-at-property-transaction alternative, which may nevertheless result in fewer transactions. Social implications: Public leasehold systems are highly contested with regard to the extension of leases. Such systems are often aimed at capturing land-value gains. In practice, however, this tends to be more difficult than expected. Value capture by authorities, as intended by the system, results in counter-movements of lessees, who often gain public support to set lower leases. These political processes may even result in the termination of such public ground-lease systems. This paper reports on a search for possible solutions. Originality/value: The comparison of various alternatives to ground-lease extension based on principles derived from literature is new, and it contributes insight into public ground-lease systems.

Comparative Analysis of Tenancy Statistics: Implications for Concealed Tenancy

Abstract: Reliability of leased out area reported under the household ownership holding distributions of the National Sample Survey is doubtful. It suffers from significant negative bias due to underreporting of tenancy by landlords. The degree of bias was found to vary substantially across the states for 1981-82 (37th Round). The author argues that its variation over the ownership size class, too, must be unequal and therefore warns against an elaborate analysis of leased out area statistics. More important is the implication of direct and significant relationship of the size of negative bias with the value of output per hectare and incidence of rural poverty. Indeed, in areas with high concentration of tenancy and poverty, growth in informal tenancy has been distressingly high.