Topic
Legislation
About: Legislation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 62664 publications have been published within this topic receiving 585188 citations. The topic is also known as: law & act.
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TL;DR: The membership of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) now exceeds 50 million people and may grow by an additional 50 million by the year 2000, but all is not well in HMO-land; an angry and determined backlash is spreading across the nation.
Abstract: The membership of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) now exceeds 50 million people and may grow by an additional 50 million by the year 2000. But all is not well in HMO-land. An angry and determined backlash is spreading across the nation. In 1996 alone, 1000 pieces of legislation attempting to regulate or weaken HMOs were introduced in state legislatures, and 56 laws were passed in 35 states. The backlash movement brings together patients who complain of services denied and physicians who are suffering the loss of autonomy and income.1 There are several manifestations of the backlash: federal and state legislation, . . .
99 citations
Book•
31 Oct 2006
TL;DR: The formulation of heterosexism as a key theoretical concept is groundbreaking, as is its contribution to the assessment of health and social care needs of LGBT people, its consideration of intersecting identities and its discussion of the author's research findings.
Abstract: This book anticipates changes in equality agendas promoted by the Commission for Equality and Human Rights, and recent anti-discrimination legislation. Its formulation of heterosexism as a key theoretical concept is groundbreaking, as is its contribution to the assessment of health and social care needs of LGBT people, its consideration of intersecting identities and its discussion of the author’s research findings. Positive reviews have appeared in: British Medical Journal, Health & Social Care in the Community and Critical Public Health. The book led to a Department of Health contract for a series of briefing papers: Reducing health inequalities for LGBT people.
99 citations
TL;DR: Leslie et al. as discussed by the authors examined several conventional explanations for governance reform, along with a counter-conventional account, called the political instability hypothesis, which they believe affords conceptual leverage in understanding policy change.
Abstract: The theory and practice of public-sector management in the United States have undergone significant change in the past 20 years. In the 1980s and 1990s, the century-old approach to the provision of public services through vast bureaucracies began to collapse in the face of critiques alleging inadequate government performance, responsiveness, and accountability. (1) A central emphasis of reform involved the role of institutions. Institutions matter in public management, analysts and observers maintained, because organizational structure influences the manner in which services are provided. Thus, reformers heavily emphasized developing new structural models of public governance. A similar emphasis on structural change can be seen in the 20-year old phenomenon involving reforms in state governance of higher education. (2) Since the mid-1980s, the American states have engaged in a flurry of reform in their approaches to public college and university governance. While some of the measures amounted to little more than tinkering around the edges of existing governance regimes, others involved extensive redesigns of system structure and authority (Leslie & Novak, 2003; Marcus, 1997; McGuinness, 1997; McLendon, 2003b). However, little is known empirically about the origins of governance change in public higher education. Public-administration scholars have built a robust conceptual and empirical literature in pursuit of understanding how, why, and with what consequence public-sector activity is structured and managed (e.g., Lynn, Heinrich, & Hill, 2000). By contrast, scholars of state governance of higher education traditionally have focused on the general patterns by which public higher education is organized (the "how" question) or on the effects of governance arrangements at the state and campus levels (the "consequence" question). (3) Why states adopt the governance arrangements they do remains elusive--conceptually and empirically. There are compelling reasons for rigorous analysis of the determinants of state governance change in higher education. A growing body of research indicates that the manner in which states govern higher education "matters." (4) Thus, the restructuring of governance patterns may hold important implications for higher education policy, finance, and management. Somewhat more abstractly, shifting governance patterns afford researchers an excellent opportunity to test general theories of government behavior in the specific context of higher education, where such theories have begun to gain in prominence. Not all states have undertaken reforms. Inevitably, therefore, questions arise as to which factors drove certain states to enact changes. Why have states adopted reforms at the times at which they have? To what extent do conventional explanations of policy adoption hold in the case of higher education governance reform? To what extent have shifting governance patterns been driven by economic considerations, political conditions, or problems internal to higher education? To what extent can a single explanation account for the variety of governance changes observed? In this essay, we report the results of an empirical analysis that pursued these questions. First, we review the contemporary landscape of public higher education governance and of governance change. We then examine several conventional explanations for governance reform, along with a counter-conventional account--what we call the "political instability hypothesis"--that we believe affords conceptual leverage in understanding policy change. Next, we distill nine hypotheses from literature in the fields of comparative state politics and higher education to guide our investigation. Employing event history analysis, we then test how the demographic, economic, organizational, and political characteristics of states, in concert with policy diffusion pressures among them, influenced the enactment of legislation reforming governance patterns from 1985-2000. …
99 citations
TL;DR: This article examined career opportunities and experiences of ethnic minority women in accountancy and found that women continue to struggle for corporate acceptance and progression, when for 3 decades during which legislation has been in place to outlaw unfair discrimination, and when organisations have policies purporting to support and serve that legislative framework.
99 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use data from Uganda to assess the impact of a disaggregated set of rights on investment, productivity, and land values, and to test the hypothesis that individuals' lack of knowledge of the new law reduces their tenure security.
Abstract: Mixed evidence on the impact of formal title in much of Africa is often used to question the relevance of dealing with land policy issues in this continent. The authors use data from Uganda to assess the impact of a disaggregated set of rights on investment, productivity, and land values, and to test the hypothesis that individuals' lack of knowledge of the new law reduces their tenure security. Results point toward strong and positive effects of greater tenure security and transferability. Use of exogenous knowledge of its provisions as a proxy for the value of the land law suggests that this piece of legislation had major economic benefits that remain to be fully realized.
99 citations