Legislation

About: Legislation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 62664 publications have been published within this topic receiving 585188 citations. The topic is also known as: law & act.

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

Abstract: The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union enshrines the key political, social and economic rights of EU citizens and residents in EU law In its present form it was approved in 2000 by the European Parliament, the Council of Ministers and the European Commission However its legal status remained uncertain until the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon in December 2009 The Charter obliges the EU to act and legislate consistently with the Charter, and enables the EU's courts to strike down EU legislation which contravenes it The Charter applies to EU Member States when they are implementing EU law but does not extend the competences of the EU beyond the competences given to it in the treaties

Enough is Enough: Aboriginal Women Speak Out

Abstract: This book was published at a time when emotions in the Native community were running high. Bill C-3 1, the federal government's legislation removing gender bias from the Indian Act, had recently been proclaimed. Unfortunately, many of the First Nations, who were just beginning to exercise a modicum of self-government, resented this as being an infringement of their governing power to decide who is an Indian. In the middle were the women who had lost their status. For the most part they have been forgotten, despite the fact that it was they who precipitated this legislative change. Enough is Enough is an attempt by the very participants in this historical development to have their stories told. The format of this book is straightforward and is divided into two parts. Part One undertakes the task of providing the reader with an insight into reserve life. Personal accounts of individual women, and their experiences of growing up on the reserve, are used in accomplishing this task. Part Two describes the many events that led to the legislative changes of theIndian Act. Personal accounts of the women are effective in demonstrating the many obstacles they faced in their attempts for change. It is quite evident that the author was unable to decide whether the book should be educational or expressional. There were instances of both throughout the book; however, there is insufficient information for it to be truly educational. The Introduction sets out a good description of the Indian Act. However, the author's historical analysis of the Act is too short. What is needed was a more detailed account of what the laws were and how they affected Native People, and how these women were treated differently from the status women in theday-today reserve life. Furthermore, the author could have provided the reader with a bibliography of reference material in order that future research and understanding of the reinstatement issue could be realized. The book raises many questions regarding the Indian Act and reinstatement but yet fails to give further direction to the reader. A The author's use of a chronology of events proves quite useful in putting together an overall picture of activities. However, the author fails to provide a clear image by assuming the reader is knowledgeable about particular details in the history of the Indian Act. The author is better able to pomay the expressional aspect of the book: the thirteen women were able to present their personal perspectives. Although the points of view are clearly expressed, it is difficult to fully understand their positions if one has no knowledge of Native affairs. The differences between being status versus non-status is not completely described, nor is the effect of losing status adequately stated. Overall, I found this book quite interesting. Being Native, it served me as a reminder that, although reserves differ in many ways, we as Native people face many of the same problems. The book does quite well in both its attempts to demonstrate what reserve life is like and'the impacts the Indian Act has on Native people. It would be unrealistic to think that one could fully describe such a lifestyle in one book. However, the author's lackof reference material makes further research difficult. Its easy reading makes the book accessible to the lay person. Unfortunately, due to the lack of more background information, I only recommend it to those who already have knowledge in the issues. Nonetheless, this book is an important step for Native women in educating the public about Native issues. I sincerely hope this book will lead to greater public awareness and will initiate discussion.

Tobacco industry successfully prevented tobacco control legislation in Argentina

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate how transnational tobacco companies, working through their local affiliates, influenced tobacco control policymaking in Argentina between 1966 and 2005. Methods: Analysis of internal tobacco industry documents, local newspapers and magazines, internet resources, bills from the Argentinean National Congress Library, and interviews with key individuals in Argentina. Results: Transnational tobacco companies (Philip Morris International, British American Tobacco, Lorillard, and RJ Reynolds International) have been actively influencing public health policymaking in Argentina since the early 1970s. As in other countries, in 1977 the tobacco industry created a weak voluntary self regulating code to avoid strong legislated restrictions on advertising. In addition to direct lobbying by the tobacco companies, these efforts involved use of third party allies, public relations campaigns, and scientific and medical consultants. During the 1980s and 1990s efforts to pass comprehensive tobacco control legislation intensified, but the organised tobacco industry prevented its enactment. There has been no national activity to decrease exposure to secondhand smoke. Conclusions: The tobacco industry, working through its local subsidiaries, has subverted meaningful tobacco control legislation in Argentina using the same strategies as in the USA and other countries. As a result, tobacco control in Argentina remains governed by a national law that is weak and restricted in its scope.

Organisational Whistleblowing Policies: Making Employees Responsible or Liable?

Abstract: This paper explores the possible impact of the recent legal developments on organizational whistleblowing on the autonomy and responsibility of whistleblowers. In the past thirty years numerous pieces of legislation have been passed to offer protection to whistleblowers from retaliation for disclosing organisational wrongdoing. An area that remains uncertain in relation to whistleblowing and its related policies in organisations, is whether these policies actually increase the individualisation of work, allowing employees to behave in accordance with their conscience and in line with societal expectations or whether they are another management tool to control employees and protect organisations from them. The assumptions of whistleblower protection with regard to moral autonomy are examined in order to clarify the purpose of whistleblower protection at work. The two extreme positions in the discourse of whistleblowing are that whistleblowing legislation and policies either aim to enable individual responsibility and moral autonomy at work, or they aim to protect organisations by allowing them to control employees and make them liable for ethics at work.

Министерство внутренних дел Украины как субъект реализации государственной антикоррупционной политики

Abstract: Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine is an active participant in the processes of the state anti-corruption policy, which, within its competence, draft anti-corruption legal acts, proposes such acts developed by other entities of the state anti-corruption policy, provides support during their consideration and adoption in parliament, the Secretariat of the President of Ukraine, Government etc. ensures the formation of sectoral anti-corruption policy by defining its content, activities and methods of implementation, involve the public in these processes. MIA is one of the main actors implementing the state anti-corruption policy. It includes established appropriate structures that are assigned responsibilities for the prevention, detection, suppression of corruption offenses; implement legal liability on persons guilty of committing. They interact with other law enforcement agencies, state and local governments that oppose or are involved in combating corruption at all levels, to prevent corrupt acts in the middle of the MIA; participating in legal education and the education of the population; perform other tasks prescribed anti-corruption legislation. Important role in the implementation of anti-corruption activities play a Minister of the Interior, the Ministry Collegium, Board (Main Board) Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in the areas of Anti-Corruption Bureau for Main Board Combating Organized Crime, state service undertaken against economic crime units, internal security personnel departments and heads of departments and the police. Activities to create and implement Internal Affairs of Ukraine the state anti-corruption policy promote higher education system and the Research Institute of Ministry of Interior, as well as some civil society.