Legislation

About: Legislation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 62664 publications have been published within this topic receiving 585188 citations. The topic is also known as: law & act.

Steering CSR Through Home State Regulation: A Comparison of the Impact of the UK Bribery Act and Modern Slavery Act on Global Supply Chain Governance

Abstract: The home states of multinational enterprises have in recent years sought to use public regulation to fill the gap s left by the absence of a binding labor standards framework in international law. This article examines recent home state ini tiatives to address forced labo r, human trafficking, and slavery in global supply chains, and their interactions with private governance initiatives. Focusing on a case st udy of the 201 5 UK Modern Slavery Act and 2010 UK Bribery Act, we analyse two distinct legislative approaches that policymakers have used to p romote corporate accountability within global supply chains and explore the varied impacts that these approaches have on corporate behaviour. Empirically, we analyse codes of conduct, annual CSR reports, and supplier terms and conditions for 25 FTSE 100 companies to shed light into the impact of the legislation on corporate b ehaviour. We find that legislation that creates criminal corporate liability appears to spur deeper changes to corporate strategy , and argue that in the case of the Modern Slavery Act, the triumph of voluntary reporting over more stringent public labor st andards seems to have undermined the effectiveness of recent governance initiatives to address forced labor in global supply chains.

The Information Component

Abstract: Two recommendations recur, almost with monotonous regularity, in virtually every report on the prevention of alcohol and tobacco-related problems produced over the past 25 years. These are the need to spend more on health education and the need for greater controls over advertising. Both of these measures involve intervention in the market for information. Together, the measures adopted in these two areas constitute the government’s information policy; that is, how government attempts to communicate health information to the public and how it responds to activities that could prejudice or undermine that communication. Of course, health education involves far more than the communication of information, but providing information is a basic and an integral part of the educational process. The dissemination of health information is not all there is to health education, but it is an essential component. Indeed, it is an essential component of all prevention policy options. As Christine Godfrey notes in Chapter 7, controls over the price of alcohol or tobacco are unlikely to be introduced, or to survive for long, without the support of a well-informed public. The provision of information is not an alternative to the use of other policy instruments like legislation or fiscal controls, but an indispensible accompaniment.

Sustainable Universities – From Declarations on Sustainability in Higher Education to National Law

Abstract: Declarations on Sustainability in Higher Education (SHE) can be viewed as a piece of international regulation. Over the past 30 years research at universities has produced convincing data to warn about deterioration of the environment, resource scarcity and the need for sustainability. This in turn, has put a counter pressure on the university, forcing it to review its role as a driver for sustainable development. Today, universities and intergovernmental institutions have developed more than 31 SHE declarations, and more than 1400 universities have signed a SHE declaration globally. However, it is well known that signing a declaration does not necessarily lead to implementation. This is due to the lack of incentive structures. The article examines the discursive interaction between university and intergovernmental declarations that form the basis for the design of sustainable universities. Declarations tend to have impact on three trends. Firstly, there is emerging international consensus on the university’s role and function in relation to sustainable development; secondly, the emergence of national legislation, and thirdly, an emerging international competition to be leader in sustainable campus performance.

New "21st Century Cures" Legislation: Speed and Ease vs Science.

Abstract: The 21st Century Cures Act was signed into law in December 2016. Praised by its advocates as a means of speeding drug development, the act covers several areas, but the provisions related to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will be among the most problematic and potentially important. An earlier version was passed with a wide margin by the House of Representatives in July 2015; it contained sweeping measures to permit manufacturers to submit less rigorous data to the FDA for approval of drugs and devices, and it recommended annual increases to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) budget of approximately 3% per year for 3 years as well as approximately $8.75 billion over 5 years in additional support.1 Further progress on the bill stalled for about a year until it was taken up again in the congressional session after the recent election.