Topic
Legislation
About: Legislation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 62664 publications have been published within this topic receiving 585188 citations. The topic is also known as: law & act.
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TL;DR: The Mental Capacity Act defines when someone lacks capacity and it supports people with limited decision-making ability to make as many decisions as possible for themselves.
Abstract: The Mental Capacity Act received Royal Assent on 7 April 2005, and it will be implemented in 2007. The Act defines when someone lacks capacity and it supports people with limited decision-making ability to make as many decisions as possible for themselves. The Act lays down rules for substitute decision making. Someone taking decisions on behalf of the person lacking capacity must act in the best interests of the person concerned and choose the options least restrictive of his or her rights and freedoms. Decision making will be allowed without any formal procedure unless specific provisions apply, such as a written advance decision, lasting powers of attorney or a decision by the court of protection.
83 citations
TL;DR: The Conservador das Aguas program in Extrema, a city in Minas Gerais located within the Atlantic Forest of Brazil as mentioned in this paper has coordinated restoration activities that have increased native forest cover in 60% in targeted subwatershed through contracts with 53 landowners.
Abstract: Increasing acceptance of payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs as environmental policy alternatives suggests a clear need for research on PES implementation, both to validate theoretical frameworks and improve approaches for existing and future programs. We provide a history of the 10-year old Conservador das Aguas program in Extrema, a city in Minas Gerais located within the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. To date, the program has coordinated restoration activities that have increased native forest cover in 60% in targeted sub-watershed through contracts with 53 landowners, and has established long-term collaborations among government agencies, civil society, and landowners. Evaluation of the institutional elements of the program using an institutional framework reveals lessons that are relevant for future projects. We find that national legislation and local government organizations have played key roles in enabling and maintaining program activities. Further, strategic decisions by program staff, including targeting important regions and actors within the municipality, the use of Forest Code mandates as an incentive for participation, and use of municipal legislation to secure funding, were critical to the program's success. We use an institutional framework to provide a review of the program, including its legal context, actors, and financial instruments, for those engaged in establishing and sustaining similar programs.
83 citations
TL;DR: Policy options, such as litigation, legislation, patent pools and compulsory licensing, are being explored to ensure that gene patents do not impede the practice of medicine and scientific progress.
Abstract: Concerns about human gene patents go beyond moral disquiet about creating a commodity from a part of the human body and also beyond legal questions about whether genes are unpatentable products of nature. New concerns are being raised about harm to public health and to research. In response to these concerns, various policy options, such as litigation, legislation, patent pools and compulsory licensing, are being explored to ensure that gene patents do not impede the practice of medicine and scientific progress.
83 citations
TL;DR: Not a part of the President's program, bitterly fought by some of the most powerful interests in the land, beset by enemies in high places where it should have had only friends, the bill has been passed because of the fine patience, the splendid courage, and the masterful resource of the chairman of the conferees as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Not a part of the President's program, bitterly fought by some of the most powerful interests in the land, beset by enemies in high places where it should have had only friends, the bill has been passed because of the fine patience, the splendid courage, and the masterful resource of the chairman of the conferees. The country has had nothing comparable to it since the passage of the Federal Reserve Act. It is one of the great pieces of legislation in the history of the government. It is indeed \"the shadow of a great rock in a weary land.\" 1
83 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that radical legal reform was required, and that the law should be designed specifically for provision of care in both hospital and the community, particularly the principle of reciprocity.
Abstract: At a conference organised by the Law Society, Mental Health Act Commission, and Institute of Psychiatry possible reform of mental health legislation in England and Wales was discussed. It was concluded that radical legal reform was required, and that the law should be designed specifically for provision of care in both hospital and the community. Reform should be based on principle rather than pragmatism, particularly the principle of reciprocity--patients' civil liberties may not be removed for the purposes of treatment if resources for that treatment are inadequate. Protection of society from nuisance or even violence is insufficient reason for detention. Legal provision for compulsion of patients, whether in hospital or the community, must be matched by specific rights to treatment.
83 citations