Legislation

About: Legislation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 62664 publications have been published within this topic receiving 585188 citations. The topic is also known as: law & act.

In the Name of Science: Issues in Responsible Animal Experimentation

Abstract: 1. The Beginnings of Institutionalized Animal Experimentation: 19th Century 2. Current Attitudes and Ethical Arguments 3. Major Issues 4. Legislation and Growth of Protagonists 5. Animal Subjects and Alternatives 6. Protocol Review 7. Community Members Animal Review Committees 8. Animal Pain Scales in Public Policy 9. Pain, Suffering, and Death 10. Testing 11. From Sunshine Laws and Civil Disobedience to Raids 12. Use of Animals in Education 13. Source of Laboratory Dogs and Cats 14. Editorial Responsibilities 15. Looking Ahead

Immunization Information Systems: A Decade of Progress in Law and Policy

Abstract: This article reports on a study of laws, regulations, and policies governing Immunization Information Systems (IIS, also known as "immunization registries") in states and selected urban areas of the United States. The study included a search of relevant statutes, administrative codes and published attorney general opinions/findings, an online questionnaire completed by immunization program managers and/or their staff, and follow-up telephone interviews.The legal/regulatory framework for IIS has changed considerably since 2000, largely in ways that improve IIS' ability to perform their public health functions while continuing to maintain strict confidentiality and privacy controls. Nevertheless, the exchange of immunization data and other health information between care providers and public health and between entities in different jurisdictions remains difficult due in part to ongoing regulatory diversity.To continue to be leaders in health information exchange and facilitate immunization of children and adults, IIS will need to address the challenges presented by the interplay of federal and state legislation, regulations, and policies and continue to move toward standardized data collection and sharing necessary for interoperable systems.

Bathroom Battlegrounds and Penis Panics

Abstract: How transgender rights legislation got framed as “bathroom bills,” with seemingly everyone trying to mark their territory.

When and How Does Ethnicity Matter? A Cross-National Study of Social Work Responses to Ethnicity in

Abstract: Summary It is an established part of the conventional wisdom of social work theory and practice that attention to ethnic difference is at the core of best practice. This principle is endorsed in welfare legislation or in the training and education of social workers in most European countries. Little empirical evidence exists, however, to demonstrate that this principle guides practitioner decision making, or to verify the claim that it benefits ethnic minority clients. At a cross-national level, no robust evidence exists to illustrate similarities or differences in social work response to ethnicity. This article reports on aspects of a study that examines these concerns within the context of child protection. It demonstrates, perhaps surprisingly given national variations in legislation and professional practice, that overall, country by country, the child's ethnic affiliation evokes little significant response by social workers, confirming a largely universalist approach. However, through a detailed focus on the qualitative data, this paper considers the nature of the references to ethnicity that are made by social workers in terms of how they confirm or refute the dominant approach to multiculturalism within social work.

The role of regulation: influencing private sector activity within health sector reform

Abstract: The increasing privatization of health care provision has been a central element of health sector reform in many countries. Regulation is often seen as a potential response to address the many problems which arise in the private production, financing and delivery of health services. It is seen as having a crucial and balancing role in the push towards privatization. Despite the existence of basic regulatory legislation in most developing countries, the degree to which regulations are enforced and effective is low. The review of experience suggests that the ability of regulatory mechanisms to influence private sector activity is limited. Regulation is not costless. It requires both staff and monetary resources in order to design, implement, monitor and enforce them. Thus privatization, partially in response to the government's poor performance and lack of resources, has led to greater demands for regulation, but regulation itself needs additional resources in order to be successfully implemented. We look at the appropriate role for regulation within this context. It is suggested that for poorer LMC, that there be minimal standards of health service provision laid out by legislation. However, beyond this non-regulatory interventions may be more appropriate for affecting private sector activity. In contrast, for wealthier LMC, we suggest that incentive-based regulatory schemes may be feasible, although this requires more policy-action research. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.