Legislation

About: Legislation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 62664 publications have been published within this topic receiving 585188 citations. The topic is also known as: law & act.

No Child Left Behind and the Federal Role in Education: Evolution or Revolution?.

Abstract: As the most significant revision of federal education policy in decades, No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) raises the question of whether it represents a sharp departure from past policy or simply the next phase in the evolution of that policy. This article examines the implementation history of Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act from the original legislation enacted in 1965 to the most recent embodiment in NCLB. It concludes that, although NCLB has expanded federal regulation, this newest version reflects an evolution of the federal role rather than a radical redefinition, with NCLB's design only possible because of profound changes in the state role over the past 20 years.

The Lisbon Treaty: Law, Politics, and Treaty Reform

Abstract: 1. Reform, Process, and Architecture 2. Legislation, Regulation, and Participation 3. Executive Power, Contestation, and Resolution 4. The Courts, Continuity, and Change 5. Competence, Categories, and Control 6. Rights, Legality, and Legitimacy 7. Legal Acts, Hierarchy, and Simplification 8. The Treaty, the Economic, and the Social 9. Freedom, Security, and Justice 10. Foreign Policy, Security, and Defence 11. Conclusion Epilogue: Economic Crisis, the Euro, and the Future

Childhood and the policy makers : A comparative perspective on the globalization of childhood

Abstract: This chapter explores the historical origins of the ideal of childhood, to trace its global export and examines its impact, especially on the children of the poor. The prime aim of the treaty was to protect and nurture childhood rather than to encourage equality for children with adults, in that while it purported to work in the best interests of the child, these interests were identified entirely by adults. Also, child welfare was identified with that of the family and no allowance was made for the possibility of conflict within the family. The discontinuity between the protective ideologies of child welfare embodied in both international rights legislation and national policy and the socio-economic and cultural realities of countless children in the South is marked. In this respect, the move to set global standards for childhood and common policies for child welfare may be far from the enlightened step anticipated by its proponents.

Rights of Inclusion: Law and Identity in the Life Stories of Americans with Disabilities

Abstract: "Rights of Inclusion" provides an innovative, accessible perspective on how civil rights legislation affects the lives of ordinary Americans. Based on eye-opening and deeply moving interviews with intended beneficiaries of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), David M. Engel and Frank W. Munger argue for a radically new understanding of rights - one that focuses on their role in everyday lives rather than in formal legal claims. Although all 60 interviewees had experienced discrimination, none had filed a formal protest or lawsuit. Nevertheless, civil rights played a crucial role in their lives. Rights improved their self-image, enhanced their career aspirations and altered the perceptions and assumptions of their employees and coworkers - in effect producing more inclusive institutional arrangements. Focusing on these long-term life histories, Engel and Munger incisively show how rights and identity affect one another over time and how that interaction ultimately determines the success of laws such as the ADA. For anyone concerned with rights, disability and the law, "Rights of Inclusion" should be a landmark work.

Medical Significance of Laboratory Results

Abstract: Tests performed in clinical laboratories are among the main diagnostic aids available to physicians. The great demand for these tests and the enormous number performed have led to wide public interest in the manner in which they are carried out. In turn, this interest has led to Federal specifications through legislation for clinical laboratories in two areas. One is the Medicare Act, to assure that Medicare beneficiaries receive proper services by setting standards for acceptable laboratories which may be paid under the act. The other is the Clinical Laboratories Improvement Act of 1967, to regulate the laboratories dealing in interstate commerce. Regulations under both acts set basic standards of operation and require participation in a proficiency testing program to help assure accurate laboratory results. Fundamental to consideration of proper accurate test results is the question: how accurate must clinical laboratory work be? There is no simple over-all answer to this question, and any answer that we find will be temporary, depending on the progress of medical knowledge and technology. The Standards Committee* of the College of American Pathologists, which has been the major proficiency surveying body in the United States for a number of years,t has been deeply involved in this question since