Showing papers on "Lepidoptera genitalia published in 1971"
TL;DR: This morphological work has been extended to include the primitive Lepidoptera (with the Trichoptera) in the case of the mesosternopleural region, and to provide information on the evolution of the higher taxa in the order.
Abstract: Summary 1. A morphological study of five body regions of the Lepidoptera has been made, these being (a) the radial system of the mesothoracic wing, (b) the mesothoracic sternopleural region, (c) the ventral thoraco-abdominal articulative (and adjacent) structures, including the integumental components of the tympanum where present, (d) the dorsal thoraco-abdominal articulation, etc., and (e) the metathoracic furca or endosternite. These regions were selected because the nature of the variation they exhibit suggested that, of the much larger number of regions primarily investigated, they are the most likely to provide information on the evolution of the higher taxa in the order. None of these regions had been investigated at all fully previously, and therefore a considerable amount of basic morphological study was necessary as a preliminary to phylogenetic discussion. This morphological work has been extended to include the primitive Lepidoptera (with the Trichoptera) in the case of the mesosternopleural r...
89 citations
74 citations
01 Jan 1971
73 citations
TL;DR: The authors showed that Carabidae are important as predators of E. ochrogaster but failed to eliminate the prey population in a study area in central Alberta, where seven species were demonstrated to have fed in the field on cutworms or pupae of E.'s eggs.
Abstract: Twenty-one sympatric species of Carabidae fed on eggs of Euxoa ochrogaster Guenee in laboratory trials. Seven species were demonstrated to have fed in the field on cutworms or pupae of E. ochrogaster and six species fed on cutworms in the laboratory. Carabidae are important as predators of E. ochrogaster but failed to eliminate the prey population in a study area in central Alberta.
48 citations
47 citations
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: The genus Cynthia with nine species (including C. annabella, new species) and the genus Bassaris with two species are recognized as separate from the genus Vanessa, with five species remaining.
Abstract: Field, William D. Butterflies of the Genus Vanessa and of the Resurrected Genera Bassaris and Cynthia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 84, 105 pages, 1971.—The genus Cynthia with nine species (including C. annabella, new species) and the genus Bassaris with two species are recognized as separate from the genus Vanessa, with five species remaining. All taxa are keyed and redefined with characters, including the male and female genitalia, tarsi, and wing habitus. Knowledge of the distribution and biology of most species is extensive and is given herein (for distribution) or cited (known food plants are listed and references to the literature of the biology are given). Unusual modified setae on the ovipositors are described for five Cynthia species. Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1971 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Price $1.50 (paper cover) William D. Field Butterflies of the Genus Vanessa and of the Resurrected Genera Bassaris and Cynthia
41 citations
TL;DR: The morphology and histology of the sex pheromone-producing gland in the females of Choristoneura fumiferana, C .
Abstract: The morphology and histology of the sex pheromone-producing gland in the females of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), C pinus (Freeman) (Tortricidae), and Malacosoma disstria (Hubner) (Lasiocampidae) is reported A review of the literature relevant to such a study is presented in tabular form
36 citations
TL;DR: Assays for the male pheromone of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are difficult to carry out because the female apparently lacks an overt behavioural response and mating only occurs at night in very dim illumination.
Abstract: BEHAVIOURAL assays for the male pheromone of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are difficult to carry out because the female apparently lacks an overt behavioural response and mating only occurs at night in very dim illumination. Grant used the electroantennogram (EAG) as an assay1, but although this technique has developed into a useful tool to bioassay female sex pheromones in Lepidoptera, it does not seem to be a biologically meaningful approach to this receptor system.
34 citations
TL;DR: Larval, pupal, and adult explants seem to follow the same general pattern when cultivated, and cell growth resumes and subculturing may be initiated after 6–9 months.
Abstract: Cell lines have been established from 8 species of Lepidoptera representing 5 different families (Table 2). The line from Antheraea eucalypti (Grace, 1962) was the first insect cell line to be established and is still in culture after 9 1/2 years. The primary explants from which the eight lines originated were larval, pupal, and adult ovaries; larval and pupal hemocytes; and embryonic tissue. Larval, pupal and adult explants seem to follow the same general pattern when cultivated. For a period of several weeks, cell migration or proliferation occurs. Following this initial growth, cell multiplication ceases or decreases drastically. After a period of 6–9 months, cell growth resumes and subculturing may be initiated.
TL;DR: It was considered that development of the laTvae and the pupae tended to be acceicrated under alternating temperatures as comparecl with that under constant temperatures.
Abstract: peratures for the development ofthe egg, larva, prepupa, and pppa were estimated to be 10.1O, 10.6\", 12.0a, and 9,OO C, respective]y. The threshold temperature and the thermal constant for development from the egg to the adult form were also cstimated to be 10,30C and 526.3 day-degrees. It was censidered that thc development of the laTvae and the pupae tended to be acceicrated under alternating temperatures as comparecl with that under constant temperatures,
TL;DR: A technique was developed for continuous laboratory rearing of Plutella xylostella (L.) (L.') (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), on artificial diet, with good survival and longevity.
Abstract: A technique was developed for continuous laboratory rearing of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), on artificial diet. The life cycle from egg to adult required 19 days (egg: 3, larva: 11, pupa: 5) at 23°C and 60% RH. Survival from the egg to adult was 70%; adult longevity averaged 8 days (6–21). Females laid an average of 139 eggs (55–266) and 50% were deposited during the 1st 3 days of adult life. The majority of the eggs (ca. 75%) was laid on paper toweling.
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TL;DR: Pieris virginiensis retains the phenotypic switch mechanism of its multivoltine relatives although it is univoltinism and one phenotype is never expressed in Nature.
Abstract: Pieris virginiensis retains the phenotypic switch mechanism of its multivoltine relatives although it is univoltine and one phenotype is never expressed in Nature. Univoltinism is correlated with specialization to an ephemeral host plant. ARTHURM. SHAPIRO, Division of Science and Engineering, Richmond College, 130 Stuyvesant Place, Staten Island, NY 10301. DESCRIPTORS: Pieris virginiensis; photoperiodism; diapause; polyphenism; niche; specialization; phenology.
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TL;DR: The discovery of this moth provides new morphological evidence on the problem of the ancestors of the Dacnonypha and of all Lepidoptera.
Abstract: A new genus, Archepiolus, and a new species, schmidi, belonging to the family Neopseustidae and suborder Dacnonypha are described in this paper. This genus and species occupy a very primitive position in the Neopseustidae. The venation shows the most primitive features in all the Dacnonypha; also the male genitalia show a more primitive condition than that of Neopseustis meyricki Hering. Some aspects of the male genitalia are close to Mnesarchaea paracorma Meyrick of the Mnesarchaeidae.The discovery of this moth provides new morphological evidence on the problem of the ancestors of the Dacnonypha and of all Lepidoptera.
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: Earias fobia infests cotton and a few other malvaceous plants but the degree of their infestation varies, as infostation of a plant by an insect depends upon the cxtent to which the plant can maintain and propagate the insect populations.
Abstract: Earias fobia inf'ests cotton and a few other malvaceous plants CFLETcrrER and )vlrsRA, 1920; DEsiipANpE and NADKARNy, 1936; KHAN et at., 1945; CHERiAN and KyLAsAM, l947) but the degree of their infestation varies, Thc reasons for this are not adequatcly known, As infostation of a plant by an insect depends upon the cxtent to which the plant can maintain and propagate the insect populations, the influence of diets from diflhrent plants on survival and cggproduction ef E. .fabia has been exainined te
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TL;DR: Eucosma gloriola Heinrich is distinguished from E .
Abstract: Eucosma gloriola Heinrich is distinguished from E. sonomana Kearfott, a closely related species, by using differences in morphology and distribution. E. gloriola is notably smaller in alar expanse and in size of male genitalia. The distribution of E. gloriola follows closely the natural range of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), while E. sonomana follows that of ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa Laws.).Eucosma gloriola overwinters in the pupal stage in the soil. Adults emerge from late April to mid-May in eastern and southern areas, and from late April to early June in northern areas. The insect passes through five larval instars within a pine shoot. Larvae emerge from shoots and drop to the ground in early July in eastern and southern areas, and somewhat later in northern areas.Symptoms of attack and injury by E. gloriola in two- and five-needle pines are distinct from those of other eastern shoot and tip moths. The destruction of leaders is the most important injury since stunted and deformed trees result from repeated attack.Large-scale chemical control methods as required in reforestation plantings of Christmas trees are difficult to achieve. Glypta sp. was the most abundant of five parasites reared from the eastern pine-shoot borer.
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