Showing papers on "Lepidoptera genitalia published in 1974"

Aposematic and cryptic Lepidoptera tested on the mouse

Abstract: The toxicity of 53 species of Lepidoptera which are aposematic (a) at all stages of development; (b) as larvae but not as adults; (c) as adults but not as larvae, is compared with that of cryptic species, by means of a qualitative test consisting of intraperitoneal injection into the laboratory mouse. Points of interest which emerged from this study include (i) Pieris brassicae is toxic whether or not the larval diet contains sinigrin and mustard oils; (ii) a marked sexual dimorphism in toxicity is noted in several species; (iii) a yellow (recessive) variety of Callimorpha dominula (ab. lutea) is less toxic than the typical form; (iv) P. brassicae pupae are acceptable to certain birds if the larvae are reared on artificial diet, but rejected (on account of taste or smell) if fed on cabbage; (v) only Arctia caja, out of 14 species tested, retains its toxicity when dried, and (vi) the gravid female Zygaena trifolii and her eggs kill the mouse in two to three minutes.

Carotenoids in thirty‐eight species of Lepidoptera

Abstract: Carotenoids in 38 species of Lepidoptera have been examined qualitatively and quantitatively. Comparisons are made between cryptic and aposematic species, pupae and adult, dried and fresh material, males and females, and certain polymorphic species. Although some selective storage is demonstrated, Lepidoptera chiefly store the carotenoids present in their food plants unchanged. It was found that the Large White (Pieris brassicae), a toxic species, stored more carotenoids than the less toxic Small White (P. rapae) while ab. coerulea (P. brassicae) contained only 25 % of the carotenoids found in typical specimens.

Female genital configuration in the classification of Lepidoptera

Abstract: In Coleoptera, Neuroptera, and Megaloptera, and the panorpoid orders Diptera, Trichoptera, and Mecoptera the common oviduct is ventral to, or opens into, the vagina or genital chamber. In Lepidoptera, in the superfamilies Micropterigoidea, Eriocranioidea, Incurvarioidea, and Nepticuloidea, the common oviduct enters the copulatory chamber ventrally; in Mnesarchaeidae, Hepialoidea, and all Ditrysia auct. the common oviduct is dorsal to the copulatory chamber, and the vagina (that region posterior to the entry of the spermatheca) opens separately from the genital ostium. Lepidoptera are unique in the complex and various arrangements of the ectodermal elements in the female genitalia. The arrangements of, and connections between rectal and genital structures in representatives of Megaloptera, Neuroptera, and the panorpoid orders are re‐examined for comparison with the systems found in Zeugloptera, Dacnonypha, Monotrysia, and Ditrysia auct. The Zeugloptera are here included in Lepidoptera because they have a c...

Field Evaluation of a Synthetic Sex Pheromone, "Litlure", as an Attractant for Males of Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)

Abstract: A synthetic female sex attractant pheromone ef spedoptera litura {F.), a mixture of cis9, trans-11-tetradecadienyl acetate (component A) and cis-9, trans-12-tetradecadienyl acetate (coinponent B), for which the name \"litlure\" was proposed, was evaluated in the field. Attractiveness of \"Iitlure:' for male moths changed with the ratio ef the components. The optimum ratio of components A and B ranged frorn 8 : 2 to 39 : 1. A trap baited with l mg \"litlure\" (A : B=10 : 1) was nearly equiva]ent to a trap baited with tO virgin females ef 2-day-old for two months. Neither cisnor trans-isomers of 9and 11-tetradecenyl acetates had synergtstic effect on \"litlure\" or its cornponents.

Morphology of the Male Genitalia of Lepidoptera I. Ditrysia

Abstract: From the literature on onthogenesis it is concluded, that male genitalia with two pairs of appendices must be considered primitive. The male genitalia of a number of species from three families (Cossidae, Saturniidae, Brahmaeidae) in which the male genitalia comprise two pair of appendices, valvae and valvellae, were dissected. The results are compared to earlier studies of species of Lithosiinae (Arctidae). It is concluded, that morphologically must be distinguished between two types of intromittant organ, or phallos, viz. aedoeagus and pseudaedoeagus.

Arthropods That Stress Waterhyacinth

Abstract: More than 70 species of arthropods were found to feed on waterhyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, in South America, the United States, and India. Those that were destructive were divided into categories based on the type of damage produced, that is, (1) defoliators and external leaf feeders, represented by Cornops spp. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), and adult Neochetina spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae); (2) petiole borers, represented by Acigona infusella (Walker) and Epipagis albiguttalis (Warren) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Arzama densa Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and larval Neochetina spp.; (3) leaf tunnel producers, represented by Orthogalumna terebrantis Wallwork (Acarina: Galumnidae); and (4) scavenger species such as Dyscinetus spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), which enhance the effect of attack by other insects. This damage is also often amplified by pathogens and other less abundant arthropods.

Demonstration of a Sex Pheromone of the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Abstract: The sex pheromone of the female diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), was isolated and a parapheromone was found to be cis -9-tetradecenyl acetate.

Clearwing moths of Australia and New Zealand (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

Abstract: Duckworth, W. Donald, and Thomas D. Eichlin. Clearwing Moths of Australia and New Zealand (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 180, 45 pages, 50 figures, 6 maps, 1974.—The family Sesiidae in Australia and New Zealand is revised and one new species is described. The history, biology, geographical distribution, morphology, and classification of the family are discussed in detail. All the species are reviewed regarding their taxonomic history, distribution, identity, and morphology. A key to species and higher categories is provided. Distribution maps, photographs of adults, illustrations of the male and female genitalia, wing venation, and other aspects of morphology are included. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 5129. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Duckworth, W. Donald Clearwing Moths of Australia and New Zealand (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) (Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 180) Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27: 180. 1. Aegeriidae. 2. Insects—Australia. 3. Insects—New Zealand. I. Eichlin, Thomas D., 1938joint author. II. Title. HI. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 180. QL1.S54 no. 180 [QL561.A34] 591'.08s [595.7'81] 74-6058 For sale by the Superintendent of Document!), U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Price $1.15 (paper cover)

Biological activity of the synthesized sex pheromone and its geometrical isomers of Spodoptera litura (F.)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae).

Abstract: acetate (cis-9, trans-12-TDDA), the naturar pheromonal components, was much more active than any other cembinations between geometrical isomers of 9,11-TDDA and 9,12TDDA. cis-9, trans-11-TDDA and cis-9, trans-12-TDDA evoked a weak response of thc male moths at the levels higher than IOL2 ptg when the compounds were presented individually, Biological activities of the compounds werc synergistically enhanced by mixing the two compounds (BR,,:10-5ng). The optimum ratio of the two compounds in the mixture was 9 parts of cis-9, trans-11-TDDA and 1 part of cis-9, trans-12-TDDA. Biological importance of quantitative relationships among multiple components of

Host-Related Microhabitat Preferences of the Gypsy Moth Larval Parasitoid, Parasetigena agilis

Abstract: Insect parasitoids are known to exhibit habitat preferences during host-searching activities. For example, the polyphagous tachinid, Compsilara concinnata (Meigen) attacked larvae of Acromycta aceris L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) less often on isolated trees than on trees in clumps (Schwenke 1958). Also, Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) parasitized gypsy moth pupae at ground level in a defoliated area and not in an adjacent shaded area (Leonard 1971). In non-defoliated forests this parasitoid was found to parasitize pupae only near the tops of trees (Weseloh 1972).

Morphology of the Male Genitalia of Lepidoptera II. Monotrysia, Zeugloptera, and Discussion

Abstract: The male genitalia of species of Monotrysia (Hepialidae) and of Zeugloptera have been examined, and a number of primitive traits demonstrated. The anatomical structures of these suborders have been compared to those of Ditrysia and of Dachnonypha, and an attempt of reconstructing the ancestral male terminalia of Lepidoptera has been made.