Showing papers on "Lepidoptera genitalia published in 1978"

The Plusiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of America North of Mexico, Emphasizing Genitalic and Larval Morphology

Abstract: T D. Eichlm and H. B. Cunningham. The Plusiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of America North of Mexico, Emphasizing Genitalic and Larval Morphology. U.S. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1567, 122 pp., 1978. Adults of 71 species and larvae of 35 species of the noctuid subfamily flusimae of America north of Mexico were studied. Included are keys to the genera based on adult structures, a key to the species for which larvae are known, with setal maps and illustrations of other taxonomic characters, and keys to the adults based on the external morphology and on the male and témale genitalia, with photographs and illustrations of the structures Two species are described, Syngrapha abstrusa n. sp. and S. cryptica n sp., which form a species complex with S. alias (Ottolengui). S. viridisiffma (Cxrote) IS elevated to species level, having previously been considered a variation of S. selecta (Walker). Caloplusia Smith and Anagrapha McDunnough are synonymized with Syngrapha Hübner. Biological data distributional information, and bibliographical notations are included A phylogeny for the species comprising the subfamily in North America is proposed. This phylogeny has been deduced by correlating characters of both adults and larvae and comparing it with similar studies of Palearctic species. Washington, D.C. Issued March 1978

A revision of the North American moths of the superfamily Eriocranioidea with the proposal of a new family, Acanthopteroctetidae (Lepidoptera)

Abstract: Davis, Donald R. A Revision of the North American Moths of the Superfamily Eriocranioidea with the Proposal of a New Family, Acanthopteroctetidae (Lepidoptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 251, 131 pages, 344 figures, 3 tables, 6 maps, 1978.—The general biology, biogeography, morphology, and classification are reviewed for the five genera and 16 species (including one subspecies) of North American Eriocranioidea. One new genus, Neocrania; one new subgenus, Disfurcida, of Eriocraniella; nine new species, Ei'iocrania breviapex, Eriocraniella xanthocara, E. longifurcula, E. platyptera, E. variegata, E. trigona, E. falcata, Neocrania bifasciata, and Acanthopteroctetes unifascia; and one new subspecies, Eriocrania semipurpurella pacifica, are described. A new family, Acanthopteroctetidae, is proposed for the endemic North American genus, Acanthopteroctetes. The Australian-Fijian family Agathiphagidae is removed from the Eriocranioidea and placed in the new superfamily Agathiphagoidea. Distribution maps and keys are provided for all species. The larval stages for nearly half of the known Nearctic eriocraniid species are described for the first time. All stages are fully illustrated by line drawings and photographs. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Davis, Donald Ray. A revision of the superfamily Eriocranioidea with the proposal of a new family, Acanthopteroctetidae (Lepidoptera) (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 251) Bibliography: p. 1. Eriocraniidae. 2. Acanthopteroctetidae. 3. Insects—Classification. 4. Insects—North America. I. Title: A revision of the superfamily Eriocranioidea . . . II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 251. QL1.S54 no. 251 [QL561.E8] 591'.08s [595.7'8] 77-24967

New taxa of fossil and recent Micropterigidae with a discussion of their evolution and a comment on the evolution of Lepidoptera (Insecta)

Abstract: Fossil and Recent Micropterigidae (Lepidoptera) and their evolution are discussed; descriptions are given of a fossil micropterigid from the Lower Cretaceous and two recent, new species from South Africa. The presence of a possible species of Incurvariidae in the Lower Cretaceous is noted. A summary of the factors affecting the evolution of the Lepidoptera is given.

On the maintenance of stability in hindwing diversity among moths of the genus catocala (lepidoptera: noctuidae).

Abstract: Moths of the genus Catocala (Underwings) are abundant in deciduous woodlands over much of North America, and as many as 30-40 species may occur together at ony one location. These moths are characterized by bark-like cryptic forewings and boldly patterned, often colorful hindwings. The forewings vary considerably within species, and this variability presumably reduces the efficiency of predators that utilize searching images when hunting these moths (Croze, 1970; Sargent, 1972). The hindwings, which function as startle devices when crypsis fails to deter attack (Sargent, 1973), do not vary within species, but do exhibit marked interspecific diversity. These hindwings may be banded or unbanded, and chromatic (various shades of yellow, orange, pink, and red) or achromatic (black and white only). The achromatic hindwings, except in one species, are unbanded on the upperside, having at most a narrow white fringe on an otherwise black surface. Achromatic hindwings might seem unlikely startle devices at first glance, but prior analyses of beak-damaged Catocala indicate that these structures are effective in this regard (Sargent, 1973). I have suggested that the basis for the startle effect of achromatic hindwings lies in the fact that they introduce an element of anomaly (I.e., the unexpected) into the overall predator-prey system involving birds and these moths. Anomaly is seen as an effective counter to the tendency of birds to habituate to any particular hindwing color or pattern (Sargent, 1969, 1973, 1976). Some indirect evidence to support this contention is provided by the finding that individuals with achromatic hindwings consistently comprise approximately 20-25% of the Catocala taken at different locations in eastern North America (Sargent and Owen, 1975; Sargent, 1976, 1977). This suggests that achromatic hindwings might be effective as startle devices only if they are relatively uncommon. At higher frequencies, predators might come to expect such hindwings, and so predation would increase until the frequency was again reduced. Such selection pressure has presumably resulted in stabilization of achromatic hindwings at an optimal frequency with respect to predation. It is difficult to envision a means by which such stabilization could be achieved. I have previously rejected the possibilities that stable frequencies of achromatic hindwings could be maintained by predator selection alone, or by homeostatic density regulation on the part of the moths themselves. I have suggested, however, that stability in the relationship between the two hind wing types could be achieved on the basis of pairings of certain chromatic and achromatic species, such that the members of each pair exhibited parallel fluctuations in abundance (Sargent, 1977). If such species pairs comprised a substantial and relatively constant percentage of the total Catocala at any location, then a stable overall relationship between chromatic and achromatic hindwings would be expected. In the present paper, I hope to demonstrate that the observed stability in the

Venoms of Lepidoptera.

Abstract: Lepidoptera may accidentally affect man’s health by means of specialized scales and toxic substances, as they use these in both active and passive defence against predatory animal species which compete for their territory (Mooren, 1848; SCHROEDER, 1896).

Sex pheromone of the tea tortrix moth (Homona coffearia Neitner)

Abstract: Three compounds were isolated from female abdominal tips of the tea tortrix,Homona coffearia Neitner (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and identified as 1-dodecanol, 1-dodecyl acetate, and (E)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate by chemical tests and mass spectrometry. These were the only appreciably active compounds detected in female gland extracts by male electroantennography of gas chromatographic collections. Synthetic (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate was shown to be active in attracting male moths in the field, and this activity was greatly increased by addition of dodecyl acetate and dodecanol. A very active lure for monitoring consists of 1 mg (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate, 3 mg dodecanol, and 1 mg dodecyl acetate in a polyethylene cap.

Novel β-triketones from lepidoptera

Abstract: Two novel natural products 4-hydroxy-2-oleoyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione and 2-oleoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione were found in the larval mandibular glands of Anagasta kuehniella(Zeller).

Mating Behavior of the Rice Stem Borer Moth, Chilo suppressalis WALKER (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) : I. Effects of Moth Age on Mating Activity

Abstract: The effects of moth age on the mating behavior of the rice stem borer moth, enilo mpPressalis WALKER, were investigated, The mating frequency of same-aged pairs was low at 1 day old, reached the maximum at 2 or 3 days old, and, thereafter, decreased rapidlywith age. The pattern ofeflects ofagc on mating activity was difflerent between male and femalc, The female activity maintained a high level up to an age of 4 days, but thereafter, it decreased

Effect of constant temperatures on the number of larval instars of the oriental fruit moth, grapholitha molesta (lepidoptera: tortricidae)

Abstract: Laboratory tests, at constant temperatures, were conducted to evaluate quantitatively the influence of temperature on development of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck). The results showed that at the highest temperature (30°C) some larvae had four instars and some had five, indicating a mixed population. Fifth instar larvae developed only at the highest temperature (30°C) where larval development was also most rapid. It can, therefore, be assumed that the Oriental fruit moth has four distinct larval instars when reared in the laboratory at 15°–24 °C.