Showing papers on "Lepidoptera genitalia published in 1983"
TL;DR: Six benzylisoquinoline alkaloids were fed to the larvae of three polyphagous Lepidoptera species: Hyphantria cunea, Spodoptera eridania, and Lymantria dispar, and available host records indicate that benzylISOquinoline-containing plants are avoided by theworms of these moth species.
Abstract: Six benzylisoquinoline alkaloids were fed to the larvae of three polyphagous Lepidoptera species: Hyphantria cunea, Spodoptera eridania, and Lymantria dispar. Exposure of last instar larvae to alkaloid-containing diets over a 24-h period resulted in reduced feeding rates and reduced growth efficiencies. Lymantria dispar larvae reared from eggs on alkaloid diets took longer to reach the fifth instar, attained lower larval weights, and showed reduced survivorship. The benzylisoquinolines tested were not equally effective as toxins or feeding inhibitors. Some produced dramatic effects while others produced no effects. The relative responses of the three caterpillar species to the six alkaloids were similar. Those benzylisoquinolines with a methylene-dioxyphenyl (1,3-benzodioxole) group were consistently the most toxic or repellent while laudanosine, a relatively simple benzylisoquinoline, was generally innocuous. Available host records indicate that benzylisoquinoline-containing plants are avoided by the larvae of these moth species.
74 citations
TL;DR: A ten‐year survey of phytophagous insects associated with Lantana spp.
Abstract: A ten‐year survey of phytophagous insects associated with Lantana spp. (chiefly L. tiliaefolia Cham, and L. glutinosa Poepp.) in Brazil, yielded 345 species from eight orders. Half of the total species collected were Coleoptera, with Chrysomelidae being the most important family. Other important families were the Curculionidae and, in the Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Arctiidae and Noctuidae. More than 90% of insect species fed on the vegetative parts of the plant, with almost two‐thirds of these chewing holes in leaves, and fewer than 10% attacking the flowers and fruits. Woody stem borers were rare, constituting only 2% of the total insect species collected. The present status of biological control of lantana in Australia is reviewed together with the prospects of importing further biological control candidates from Brazil.
45 citations
TL;DR: Overall, sap-sucking species are marginally more important than plant-chewing species; borers are very much less so, and gall-formers and miners are relatively insignificant as pests.
Abstract: (1) A method for measuring pest status is described. (2) A total of 472 species of phytophagous insects and mites on 121 crop plants and ornamentals were evaluated according to their pest status. (3) An analysis by taxon revealed that Lepidoptera, Homoptera and Coleoptera together account for 75% of all pest problems on cultivated plants in South Africa. Eighty-eight families, in eleven orders, are listed and ranked by pest status, as are the 101 most important pest species. (4) The pest status of indigenous and introduced insects and mites on native and alien host plants is summarized. (5) Only one of the 472 pest species is monophagous; about 12% are oligophagous, 78% are polyphagous, and the choice of host plants by the remainder is unknown. (6) Overall, sap-sucking species are marginally more important than plant-chewing species; borers are very much less so, and gall-formers and miners are relatively insignificant as pests. (7) The various guilds of phytophages are analysed according to their feeding habits and damage they do to their host plants. On the basis of mean pest status per species, disease vectors are the most important guild. (8) Trees and perennial shrubs harbour predominantly sap-sucking species and fewer chewers and borers: all flowers, vegetables, crops and grasses by contrast, are attacked mostly by chewing species and harbour proportionately fewer sap-suckers and very few borers.
38 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that dichotomous spermatogenesis is an evolutionary novelty of Lepidoptera (including Zeugloptera) that was established at the origin of the order, after the divergence of Trichoptera and LepIDoptera.
37 citations
TL;DR: Cyanidin-3-β-glucoside was shown to be an important factor of resistance in cottonGossypium hirsutum L. leaves to the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens, which provides a potential basis for achieving insect resistance in non-glanded cotton and other crops infested by Helioths.
Abstract: Cyanidin-3-β-glucoside was shown to be an important factor of resistance in cottonGossypium hirsutum L. leaves to the tobacco budwormHeliothis virescens (Fab.). This provides a potential basis for achieving insect resistance in non-glanded cotton and other crops infested byHeliothis.
36 citations
TL;DR: The adults of many Lepidoptera augment carbohydrate and protein reserves accumulated during larval life by feeding on nectar or sap flows by having functional mouthparts in the adult stage, while in other taxa the mouth-parts are aborted.
Abstract: The adults of many Lepidoptera augment carbohydrate and protein reserves accumulated during larval life by feeding on nectar or sap flows. However, the adults of other species have non-functional mouthparts. The feeding behaviour of the species in a particular family or subfamily tends to be stereotyped. Thus in some taxa nearly all of the species have functional mouthparts in the adult stage, while in other taxa the mouth-parts are aborted. In those taxa whose adults feed, eggs are nearly always laid singly or in pairs. By contrast a significant proportion of the species whose adults fail to feed lay their eggs in clusters. This shift in egg laying behaviour can be explained by recognizing that an increased proportion of the energy reserves stored during larval life can be directed towards egg production if females engage in limited flight.
34 citations
TL;DR: Electrophoretic analysis of the contents of the H. virescens accessory gland suggests that the gland's contents serve as an egg adhesive, andComparison of the gland proteins revealed that the T. heliothidis hostHeliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) accessory gland contained the kairomonally active proteins while the nonhostSpodoptera frugiperda (Lapidoptero- Noctuid
Abstract: Two large proteins (>330 K) present in the accessory gland ofHeliothis virescens F (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) serve as an egg recognition kairomone for the parasitoidTelenomus heliothidis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Glass beads coated with the isolated proteins were examined and probed by the parasitoid while uncoated glass beads were not Electrophoretic analysis of the contents of theH virescens accessory gland suggests that the gland's contents serve as an egg adhesive Comparison of the gland proteins revealed that theT heliothidis hostHeliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) accessory gland contained the kairomonally active proteins while the nonhostSpodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) did not
33 citations
TL;DR: In short-term, small-scale field experiments, population densities of two specialist herbivores differed significantly among different-sized patches of host plants.
Abstract: In short-term, small-scale field experiments, population densities of two specialist herbivores differed significantly among different-sized patches of host plants. Eggs and larvae of Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) were more abundant on collards planted in small (four- or nine-plant) patches than on those in large (64- or 81-plant) patches. Larvae of plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera:Plutellidae) were more abundant on collards in large (81-plant) patches.
29 citations
TL;DR: In all but 3 of 10 lepidopterous hosts tested, oviposition was attempted by M. demolitor, although only Heliothis zea, H. virescens, and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) were suitable hosts for parasitoid development.
Abstract: Microplitis Demolitor Wilkinson was collected in Queensland, Australia, and imported into the United States, where laboratory studies were conducted to determine its life history, host range, and other aspects of its biology. In all but 3 of 10 lepidopterous hosts tested, oviposition was attempted by M. demolitor, although only Heliothis zea (Boddie), H. virescens (F.), and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) were suitable hosts for parasitoid development. A low number of parasitoids successfully developed from Trichoplusia ni (Hubner). Parasitoid development time from egg to pupation was ca. 8 days, and from pupation to adult emergence was 5 days at 27°C. Longevity of M. demolitor males and females was ca. 8 days.
29 citations
20 Mar 1983
26 citations
TL;DR: SDS-PAGE and amino acid analyses indicate that the protein composition of pupal and adult cuticles differ from one another, and the nature of digestion products obtained by limited proteolysis, indicate these to be unique.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Thirteen species distributed over 3 genera of the subfamily Lithocolletinae are reported from Korea, of them 8 species are new to the Korean fauna and two genera, Hyloconis and Chrysaster, are recorded from the Asian continent for the first time.
Abstract: Thirteen species distributed over 3 genera of the subfamily Lithocolletinae are reported from Korea. Of them 8 species are new to the Korean fauna. Two genera, Hyloconis and Chrysaster, are recorded from the Asian continent for the first time. Fore wings of all the species and male and female genitalia of some ones are illustrated. Besides these Korean species, one North American species, Argyromiges ostensackenella Fitcher, 1859, is newly transferred to the genus Chrysoster.
TL;DR: A continuous cell line was obtained of fat boclies which had been taken from a female larva of the common armysvorm, Leucania mparata, and designated as NIASLeSc-11, which was typical of lcpidopteran cell lincs and the chromesome numbers fluctuated widely.
Abstract: A continuous cell line was obtained frorn the cultUre of fat boclies which had been taken from a female larva of the common armysvorm, Leucania mparata, and designated as NIASLeSc-11. The cell linc consistecl primarily of spherical cells, The karyotype was typical of lcpidopteran cell lincs and the chromesome numbers fluctuated widely. Population doubling time was about 48 hr at 25eC. The cells could be stored at 50C lbr S months and at -700C for more than two ycars. They were susccptible to Autogropha calijbrnica nuclear polyhedrosis virus and C"ilo iridescent virus.
TL;DR: When incorporated in pherom one traps of some Plusiinae species the alcohol is both synergist and inhibitor, thus being an important factor in sex isolation among sympatric Plusiinee species in Israel.
Abstract: Z-7-Dodecenyl acetate and Z-7-dodecenyl alcohol have been identified as sex pheromone components o f female Autographa gamma. This is the first time that Z-7-dodecenyl alcohol has been found in the natural pheromone of Plusiinae. When incorporated in pherom one traps of some Plusiinae species the alcohol is both synergist and inhibitor, thus being an important factor in sex isolation among sympatric Plusiinae species in Israel
Journal Article•
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: A model to predict pupation, adult emergence, and oviposition of the overwintering generation, and hatch and nut entry by larvae of the first summer generation of pecan nut casebearer, Acrobasis nuxvorella Nuenzig, was developed from an existing data base.
Abstract: A model to predict pupation, adult emergence, and oviposition of the overwintering generation, and hatch and nut entry by larvae of the first summer generation of pecan nut casebearer, Acrobasis nuxvorella Nuenzig, was developed from an existing data base reported by S. W. Bilsing. Degree-days were calculated, by starting accumulations on a range of days from 1 January to 30 April in 1-day increments, using a base temperature ranging from −17.2 to 21. 1°C in 0.56°C increments, using the formula of average daily temperature – base temperature from the start day to the observed event. Comparisons resulting from various start days and base temperatures were made by using the root mean square error of observed – predicted events in days. The final model used a start day of 12 March and a base temperature of 3.3°C, and predictions of biological events for pecan nut casebearer during 1979 through 1981 were superior to those based on the average calendar date for these events at College Station, Tex.
TL;DR: Immature stages of Sabulodes aegrotata and Amorbia cuneana Walsingham were collected from avocado foliage during 1978 through 1980 and held for parasite emergence, with seven being parasitic on both pests.
Abstract: Immature stages of Sabulodes aegrotata (Guenee)and Amorbia cuneana Walsingham were collected from avocado foliage during 1978 through 1980 and held for parasite emergence. Fifteen parasite species were reared from each of the two pest species, with seven being parasitic on both pests. Fifteen of the parasites were hymenopterous species, and eight were dipterous (tachinids). The braconids. Apanteles caberatae Muesebeck, Bracon xanthonotus Ashmead, and Meteorus tersus Muesebeck, were the most common parasites reared from S. aegrotata , and the tachinids, Pseudoperichaeta erecta (Coquillett) and Aplomya Caesar (Aldrich), were the most commonon A. cuneana . The egg parasite, Trichogramma platneri Nagarkatti, also was very common and was reared from both pest species.
TL;DR: Field tests indicate that only ( E )-11, 13-tetradecadienal is required to capture males, and thus this compound represents a female sex pheromone of the species.
Abstract: The female yellowheaded fireworm produces a pheromone to attract males. GC analysis of washes of ovipositors of single virgin females revealed eight compounds that were identified by microchemical techniques and comparison with authentic materials. ( E )-11, 13-Tetradecadienal, ( Z )-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, ( E )-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, 1-tetradecanol acetate, 2-pentadecanone, 2-heptadecanone, ( E )-11, 13-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate, and hexadecanal. Field tests indicate that only ( E )-11, 13-tetradecadienal is required to capture males, and thus this compound represents a female sex pheromone of the species.
TL;DR: Essai d'identification de plantes compagnes capables de repousser ou reduire la ponte d'insectes depredateurs sur les cruciferes.
Abstract: Essai d'identification de plantes compagnes capables de repousser ou reduire la ponte d'insectes depredateurs sur les cruciferes
25 Sep 1983
TL;DR: It is the first time the adult stage in this genus has been reared, and the first record in the Western Hemisphere of a species of Callidosoma from a geometrid.
Abstract: A new species of erythraeid mite, Callidosoma metzi , is described. As a larva, this mite is parasitic on adults of Anacamptodes vellivolata (Hulst) and some other geometrids, and as a deutonymph and adult, it is predaceous on eggs of Lepidoptera. The following stages are described: larva, pupa I, deutonymph, pupa II, and adult. The stages other than larva were reared in the laboratory. It is the first time the adult stage in this genus has been reared, and the first record in the Western Hemisphere of a species of Callidosoma from a geometrid.
02 Jun 1983
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The attempted eradication of the gypsy moth in Michigan is of great interest because of its close proximity to the generally infested eastern United States.
Abstract: Michigan's infestation of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, extends over 600,000 acres, First discovered in Michigan in the 19505, gypsy moth was reportedly eradicated through the use of DDT then reintroduced in the 1970s, Substantial circumstantial biological evidence, however, points to the probability that gypsy moth has resided continuously in Michigan for over 30 years, Environmental factors may be largely responsible for containing Michigan's gypsy moth popUlations, It is often argued that the failure of early attempts o eradicate the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), from the eastern United States was due largely to the lack of adequate pesticides (USDA 1981). The refinement of aerial application techniques and the commercial availability of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in the 1950s led some persons to contend that the gypsy moth could still be eradicated from North America cven though it was by then widely established (Dunlap 1980). An assessmcnt of the attempted eradication of the gypsy moth in Michigan is therefore of great interest. Gypsy moth was first discovered in Michigan, distant from the generally infested eastern United States, after the availability of aerial DDT applications. Gypsy moth's reportedly successful eradication in Michigan in the 19605 and 1970s has been cited as a precedent by eradication proponents from North Carolina to Oregon (North Carolina Department of Agriculture 1974, Oregon Department of Agriculture 1982). ERADICATION HIS1DRY, 19505 AND 1960s
TL;DR: Larval behaviour during establishment in living trees is described for Aenetus virescens and the form of the initial tunnel is compared with both preceding and subsequent larval tunnels.
Abstract: Larval behaviour during establishment in living trees is described for Aenetus virescens. The form of the initial tunnel is compared with both preceding and subsequent larval tunnels. Establishment by A. virescens is compared with arboreal Cossidae.