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Showing papers on "Lepidoptera genitalia published in 1985"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Genetic variation was examined in the two pest species of Heliothis found in Australia, H. armigera and H. punctigera, which could be differentiated by seven loci which enabled identification of individual eggs and small larvae not normally distinguishable by their morphology.
Abstract: Genetic (electrophoretic) variation was examined in the two pest species of Heliothis found in Australia, H. armigera (Hubner) and H. punctigera Wallengren. They could be differentiated by seven loci which enabled identification of individual eggs and small larvae not normally distinguishable by their morphology. The traditional criteria for distinguishing the larger larvae of the two species were shown to be unreliable. The genetic distance between the two species was 0·34 ± 0·02. The percentage of loci polymorphic in both species, 32%, and the mean heterozygosities, 11·3% for H. armigera and 10·8% for H. punctigera, are lower than those reported in the American species, H. virescens (F.) and H. zea (Boddie). Populations throughout Australia were differentiated from each other, but there did not appear to be a marked geographic pattern to the variation. Genetic distances between populations of H. armigera were low (<0·01). It was concluded that the effective population size of Heliothis is large and that significant gene flow probably occurs between widely separated regions.

105 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The susceptibility of 31 species of agricultural insect pests representing 7 families of Lepidoptera, 3 of Diptera, and 3 of Coleoptera to the entomogenous nematodes Steinernema feltiae Filipjev and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, were investigated in the laboratory.
Abstract: The susceptibility of 31 species of agricultural insect pests representing 7 families of Lepidoptera, 3 of Diptera, and 3 of Coleoptera to the entomogenous nematodes Steinernema feltiae Filipjev and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, were investigated in the laboratory. Of the 27 species found susceptible to S. feltiae, 19 are reported for the first time. Of the 21 species killed by H. bacteriophora, 15 are reported for the first time. The Lepidoptera as a group were highly susceptible to the nematodes. On the basis of larval mortality caused by the nematodes, of nematode reproduction in insect cadavers, and of the known economic importance and life histories of the test insects, S. feltiae was judged to warrant further research as a possible biological-control agent against Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenee), E. auxiliaris (Grote), Agrotis orthogonia (Morr.), Actebia fennica (Tauscher), Mamestra configurata Walker, Delia radicum (L.), D. antiqua (Meig.), and Zygogramma exclamationis (F.).

66 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The attractive feature of lepidopteran color patterns is that they develop in a tissue that is essentially a two-dimensional monolayer of cells in which there is neither significant growth nor cell movement.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The Lepidoptera are a fairly recent and monophyletic taxon and, next to the Coleoptera, perhaps the largest such taxon among living things. The attractive feature of lepidopteran color patterns is that they develop in a tissue that is essentially a two-dimensional monolayer of cells in which there is neither significant growth nor cell movement. The wing is a tissue that is nonessential for the proper development and survival of the individual so that it can be manipulated with a considerable amount of freedom. The majority of color patterns are patterns of melanin deposition. The color pattern on the wings of Lepidoptera resides exclusively in the scales. The cuticle of the wing is colorless or brownish and transparent. Most whites, almost all blues, and all iridescent (metallic) colors on lepidopteran wings are structural. The majority of chemical pigments (zoochromes) that have been found in the wings of Lepidoptera belong to four categories: melanins, pterins, flavonoids, and ommochromes.

63 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Within-plant distribution of Heliothis spp.
Abstract: Within-plant distribution of Heliothis spp. eggs and larvae on cotton was studied in North Carolina from 1980 through 1983. Egg distribution varied from year to year, with either leaves or terminals being the most common oviposition sites. Larvae were most commonly found on bolls, but were found in disproportionately large numbers on flowers and small bolls with dried flower corollas on them. The preference for flowers was less distinct for larvae of H. virescens than for H. zea larvae.

45 citations





Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Planotortrix excessana was found to include moths of two distinct pheromone-types which were not mutually attractive, and tetradecyl acetate and (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate were identified as phersomone components in one.
Abstract: Abstract Planotortrix excessana was found to include moths of two distinct pheromone-types which were not mutually attractive. Tetradecyl acetate and (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate were identified as pheromone components in one, and two other tetradecenyl acetates, probably (Z)-5-and (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate, in the other. By contrast with other pheromones reported from the tribe Archipini,⊿11-tetradecenyl compounds were not found in either pheromone-type.

36 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Surface treatment of the eggs with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and use of a modified Manduca sexta (L.) larval diet which does not contain mustard oil glucoside feeding stimulant enabled repeatable, disease-free, efficient culture of Pierls rapae (L.).
Abstract: Surface treatment of the eggs with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and use of a modified Manduca sexta (L.) larval diet which does not contain mustard oil glucoside feeding stimulant enabled repeatable, disease-free, efficient culture of Pierls rapae (L.). P. rapae butterflies fed spontaneously on 30% honey solution in artificial flowers and oviposited on cabbage plants in an outdoor greenhouse.

29 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: A revision of the Japanese species of leaf·mining microlepidoptera in the family Nepticulidae is in progress for the first time and comprises the genus Stigmella Schrank.
Abstract: KEMPERMAN, TH.C.M. and WILKINSON, C. [with biological data provided by KUROKO, H. and KUMATA, T.]. 1985. Japanese species of the genus Stigmella (Nepticulidae: Lepidoptera). Ins. matsllllZ. n. s. 32: 1-107, 241 figs. (46 pis.). A revision of the Japanese species of leaf·mining microlepidoptera in the family Nepticulidae is in progress for the first time. This publication comprises the genus Stigmella Schrank. Descriptions, diagnoses and bibliographies are given for 40 species, 37 of which are new. As far as possible the taxa have been compared with the known species from the western Palaearctic and Nearctic regions. The genus in Japan has been divided into 10 species·groups. The information given on biology and life·histories has been collated from rearing records, label data and herbaria. Pre·existing types have been examined and 37 holotypes have been designated. The genitalia of the adults demonstrate major diagnostic features and were essential in providing identification keys. The proposed groups were defined mainly on these structures. Wherever possible the host· plant associations are given and the mining habits of the larvae are discussed. Authors' addresses. TH.C.M. KEMPERMAN and C. WILKINSON: Dept. of Animal Systematics & Zoogeography, Sub faculty of Biology, Vrije Universiteit, Postbus 7161, 1007 MC Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [H. KUROKO: Entomological Laboratory, College of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka, 591 Japan; T. KUMATA: Entomological Institute, Faculty' of Agriculture, Hokkaid6 University, Sapporo, 060 Japan.]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: 1) コナガのフェロモン・トラップによる誘殺数からその年間の発生変動を考慮し, 1982年4月から2年�ite,東京都内の生命表を作成した。
Abstract: 1) コナガのフェロモン・トラップによる誘殺数からその年間の発生変動を考慮し,1982年4月から2年間,東京都内のキャベツ畑で10枚の生命表を作成した。産卵密度から見て,誘殺数の変動はコナガの発生量をよく反映していた。2) 卵期のおもな死亡要因として卵寄生蜂のメアカタマゴバチによる寄生,アリなどによる捕食および物理的な死亡を認めた。これらのうち,とくに夏季には卵寄生蜂の寄生率が高かった。幼虫の死亡個体を直接観察したところ,1∼2齢期では降雨による水没死がおもな要因であった。また,3∼4齢幼虫期のそれは明らかではなかった。蛹では,5∼9月までスズメによる捕食割合が高かった。3) 生命表から,コナガ個体群の増加期の卵から成虫期の総死亡率は低く,それに続く減少期では高かった。盛夏季の低密度と秋の回復期および冬季では,総死亡率は低い値を示し,これらは季節的変動と矛盾しなかった。4) VARLEY and GRADWELL (1960)の方法にしたがって基本要因分析を行ったところ,変動主要因は卵期に存在した。

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Anatomy of leaves of jarrah, Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Smith, and their response to the presence of the jarrah leafminer Perthida glyphopa Common, are described.
Abstract: Anatomy of leaves of jarrah, Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Smith, and their response to the presence of the jarrah leafminer Perthida glyphopa Common, are described. Depending on the reaction to its eggs and larvae, 4 types of trees were recognised: (a) susceptible to oviposition, egg development and larval feeding; (b) resistant to egg development; (c) resistant to larval feeding; (d) resistant to oviposition and egg development. Leaves of types a, b and c had identical anatomy, whereas those of the only known tree of type d had a different structure of the mesophyll and lacked tannin in the palisade tissue.

Journal ArticleDOI
C. A. Staetz1
TL;DR: The stability of the dose-mortality regressions indicates that H. virescens has not become resistant to permethrin nor does the development of resistance appear imminent.
Abstract: The susceptibilities of Heliothis virescens populations to permethrin were evaluated from 1979 to 1983. While the results of these evaluations indicated that populations in the southeastern United States were somewhat more susceptible than those in the southwest, the data showed that permethrin susceptibility levels have remained relatively stable for each location. The stability of the dose-mortality regressions indicates that H. virescens has not become resistant to permethrin nor does the development of resistance appear imminent.






Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The presence of mixed species of insect predators in Oviposition cages with pink bollworm female moths did not influence the moths' selection of oviposition sites.
Abstract: Consumption of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), eggs by some common insect predators found in Arizona and California cotton fields was studied. Collops vittatus (Say), Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, and Chrysopa carnea Stephens destroyed the highest numbers of eggs per day followed by Nabis spp., Sinea confusa Caudell, Geocoris spp., and Onus tristicolor (White). Larval development times of C. carnea, C. vittatus , and H. convergens fed pink bollworm eggs agreed with published development times of the respective predators fed eggs of other insect species or whole insects. The presence of mixed species of insect predators in oviposition cages with pink bollworm female moths did not influence the moths' selection of oviposition sites. H. convergens adults and larvae and C. carnea larvae consumed both tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and pink bollworm eggs when both hosts were available.