Topic
Leukocyte chemotaxis
About: Leukocyte chemotaxis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 622 publications have been published within this topic receiving 36057 citations.
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TL;DR: Results are described which indicate that, when antibody-antigen complexes are incubated in fresh serum, a heat-stable substance (or substances) is produced which acts directly as a chemotactic stimulus on the polymorphs.
Abstract: An in vitro technique is described for assessing the chemotactic activity of soluble substances on motile cells. Antibody-antigen mixtures when incubated (37°C) in medium containing fresh (i.e. non-inactivated) normal rabbit serum exert a strong chemotactic effect on rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Results are described which indicate that, when antibody-antigen complexes are incubated (37°C) in fresh serum, a heat-stable (56°C) substance (or substances) is produced which acts directly as a chemotactic stimulus on the polymorphs. This heat-stable chemotactic substance is not produced when antibody-antigen complexes are incubated in serum which has been heated at 56°C for 30 minutes.
2,699 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that the chemokine PBSF/SDF-1 has several essential functions in development, including B-cell lymphopoiesis and bone-marrow myelopoiedis and a cardiac ventricular septal defect.
Abstract: The chemokines are a large family of small, structurally related cytokines. The physiological importance of most members of this family has yet to be elucidated, although some are inducible inflammatory mediators that determine leukocyte chemotaxis. Pre-B-cell growth-stimulating factor/stromal cell-derived factor-1 (PBSF/SDF-1) is a member of the CXC group of chemokines PBSF/SDF-1 stimulates proliferation of B-cell progenitors in vitro and is constitutively expressed in bone-marrow-derived stromal cells. Here we investigate the physiological roles of PBSF/SDF-1 by generating mutant mice with a targeted disruption of the gene encoding PBSF/SDF-1. We found that mice lacking PBSF/SDF-1 died perinatally and that although the numbers of B-cell progenitors in mutant embryos were severely reduced in fetal liver and bone marrow, myeloid progenitors were reduced only in the bone marrow but not in the fetal liver, indicating that PBSF/SDF-1 is responsible for B-cell lymphopoiesis and bone-marrow myelopoiesis. In addition, the mutants had a cardiac ventricular septal defect. Hence, we have shown that the chemokine PBSF/SDF-1 has several essential functions in development.
2,403 citations
TL;DR: It is shown here that functional integrins do not contribute to migration in three-dimensional environments, and these cells migrate by the sole force of actin-network expansion, which promotes protrusive flowing of the leading edge.
Abstract: All metazoan cells carry transmembrane receptors of the integrin family, which couple the contractile force of the actomyosin cytoskeleton to the extracellular environment In agreement with this principle, rapidly migrating leukocytes use integrin-mediated adhesion when moving over two-dimensional surfaces As migration on two-dimensional substrates naturally overemphasizes the role of adhesion, the contribution of integrins during three-dimensional movement of leukocytes within tissues has remained controversial We studied the interplay between adhesive, contractile and protrusive forces during interstitial leukocyte chemotaxis in vivo and in vitro We ablated all integrin heterodimers from murine leukocytes, and show here that functional integrins do not contribute to migration in three-dimensional environments Instead, these cells migrate by the sole force of actin-network expansion, which promotes protrusive flowing of the leading edge Myosin II-dependent contraction is only required on passage through narrow gaps, where a squeezing contraction of the trailing edge propels the rigid nucleus
1,288 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A new and simple method for studying human leukocyte chemotaxis, in vitro, which is based upon migration of cells under agarose gel is described, which has application to both polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes, and is rapid, simple, reproducible, and inexpensive to set up.
Abstract: A variety of methods have been devised for the study of spontaneous and directed cell migration. Among these, the membrane filter method introduced by Boyden in 1962, with its more recent modifications, has become the technique of choice for studies of leukocyte migration in vitro. This method, however, cannot be applied without alteration to studies of chemotaxis and spontaneous migration of cells of different types. We describe in this report a new and simple method for studying human leukocyte chemotaxis, in vitro, which is based upon migration of cells under agarose gel. This method has application to both polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes, permits measurement of both chemotaxis and spontaneous migration, requires fewer cells per test, and is rapid, simple, reproducible, and inexpensive to set up.
1,171 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that the signaling pathways leading to Rac and Cdc42 activation in HL-60 cells involve G proteins sensitive to pertussis toxin, as well as tyrosine kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activities.
783 citations