Topic
Lifestyle medicine
About: Lifestyle medicine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 588 publications have been published within this topic receiving 3928 citations.
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TL;DR: A narrative discussion of the major components of Lifestyle Medicine, consisting of the evidence-based adoption of physical activity or exercise, dietary modification, adequate relaxation/sleep and social interaction, use of mindfulness-based meditation techniques, and the reduction of recreational substances such as nicotine, drugs, and alcohol are outlined.
Abstract: The prevalence of depression appears to have increased over the past three decades While this may be an artefact of diagnostic practices, it is likely that there are factors about modernity that are contributing to this rise There is now compelling evidence that a range of lifestyle factors are involved in the pathogenesis of depression Many of these factors can potentially be modified, yet they receive little consideration in the contemporary treatment of depression, where medication and psychological intervention remain the first line treatments “Lifestyle Medicine” provides a nexus between public health promotion and clinical treatments, involving the application of environmental, behavioural, and psychological principles to enhance physical and mental wellbeing This may also provide opportunities for general health promotion and potential prevention of depression In this paper we provide a narrative discussion of the major components of Lifestyle Medicine, consisting of the evidence-based adoption of physical activity or exercise, dietary modification, adequate relaxation/sleep and social interaction, use of mindfulness-based meditation techniques, and the reduction of recreational substances such as nicotine, drugs, and alcohol We also discuss other potential lifestyle factors that have a more nascent evidence base, such as environmental issues (eg urbanisation, and exposure to air, water, noise, and chemical pollution), and the increasing human interface with technology Clinical considerations are also outlined While data supports that some of these individual elements are modifiers of overall mental health, and in many cases depression, rigorous research needs to address the long-term application of Lifestyle Medicine for depression prevention and management Critically, studies exploring lifestyle modification involving multiple lifestyle elements are needed While the judicious use of medication and psychological techniques are still advocated, due to the complexity of human illness/wellbeing, the emerging evidence encourages a more integrative approach for depression, and an acknowledgment that lifestyle modification should be a routine part of treatment and preventative efforts
260 citations
TL;DR: To begin to address the identified gap in physicians’ armamentaria, a group of representatives from primary care medical specialties and other interested medical professional societies met and developed suggested lifestyle medicine competencies for primary care physicians.
Abstract: THE LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH FOR ADULTS IN THE United States are related to lifestyle—tobacco use, poor diet, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption. US residents with these risk factors have plenty of room for improvement—including those who are asymptomatic and those living with chronic disease. Health behaviors could greatly influence future health and well-being, especially among patients with chronic disease. However, only 11% of patients with diabetes follow accepted dietary recommendations for saturated fat intake, and 18% of patients with heart disease continue to smoke, barely better than the general population’s smoking rate. The enormous potential effects of health behavior change on mortality, morbidity, and health care costs provide ample motivation for the concept of lifestyle medicine, ie, evidencebased practice of assisting individuals and families to adopt and sustain behaviors that can improve health and quality of life. Examples of target patient behaviors include, but are not limited to, eliminating tobacco use, improving diet, increasing physical activity, and moderating alcohol consumption. Effectively motivating patients to change behavior can be a frustrating and difficult challenge. Merely encouraging patients at the end of an office visit to attempt such changes yields limited results. Success requires the development of specific healthy lifestyle action plans in partnership with patients and intentional follow-up in subsequent visits. For example, one study showed that when physicians provided structured counseling to sedentary adult patients, followed by a health educator booster call, the total length of the weekly walking exercises increased by 5 times that of patients in the control group who received standard care. Even though the most widely accepted, well-established chronic disease practice guidelines uniformly call for lifestyle change as the first line of therapy, physicians often do not follow these recommendations. For instance, obese patients are advised to lose weight only 36% of the time during regular examinations, a proportion that improves only slightly to 52% if a patient already has obesity-related comorbidities. Furthermore, only 28% of smokers reported that health care professionals had offered them assistance to quit smoking in the past year. Findings such as these reveal 2 important facts: Physicians cannot ascribe the entire responsibility for inadequate lifestyle changes to their patients, and clinicians must accept some responsibility for deficiencies in the quality of health care. Acknowledging the crucial role of environmental and community factors in creating and sustaining inappropriate health behaviors does not eliminate the duty of physicians to assist patients in making health behavior changes. Physicians also have cited inadequate confidence and lack of knowledge and skill as major barriers to counseling patients about lifestyle interventions. Among the 620 respondents in a survey of family physicians, only 49% felt competent prescribing weight loss programs for obese patients. Even though changing unhealthy behaviors is foundational to medical care, disease prevention, and health promotion, a physician’s trusted relationship with the patient must be augmented whenever possible by family support, an interdisciplinary health care team, and community organizations and agencies (BOX). To begin to address the identified gap in physicians’ armamentaria, a group of representatives from primary care medical specialties and other interested medical professional societies met and developed suggested lifestyle medicine competencies for primary care physicians. Further work continues in developing curricula, training materials, evaluation, and system-based practice tools and performance measures to help physicians achieve these goals. Although these suggested competencies were developed largely to guide continuing medical education activities for primary care and preventive care physicians, many of these individual competencies have relevance for all spe-
204 citations
TL;DR: Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease (ABCD) is a new diagnostic term for obesity that explicitly identifies a chronic disease, alludes to a precise pathophysiologic basis, and avoids the stigmata and confusion related to the differential use and multiple meanings of the term "obesity."
172 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Although the observational studies examining physical,psychological, and chemical triggers of acute cardiovascularevents are not without limitations, studies continue to show that short-term exposures appear to play a role in theoccurrence ofcardiovascular events.
Abstract: various studies documentedthe frequency of potential triggers in the period immediatelypreceding MI onset.Although the observational studies examining physical,psychological, and chemical triggers of acute cardiovascularevents are not without limitations, studies continue to showthat short-term exposures appear to play a role in theoccurrenceofcardiovascularevents.Thesetriggershavebeendiscussed in previous reviews,
143 citations
TL;DR: Two established models for counseling, motivational interviewing and the transtheoretical model of behavior change are discussed, and an example of how these approaches can be used to counsel patients to exercise and increase their levels of physical activity are provided.
138 citations