Topic
Light intensity
About: Light intensity is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 79515 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1349233 citations.
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10 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In any habitat the quantum flux density varies seasonally, diurnally, and spatially (such as within a canopy of a given plant stand) as mentioned in this paper, which is the most conspicuous environmental variable with which plants must cope.
Abstract: Growth of autotrophic plants is directly and dramatically influenced by the intensity of light — the driving force of photosynthesis — which provides nearly all of the carbon and chemical energy needed for plant growth. Moreover, light intensity (quantum flux density) is perhaps the most conspicuous environmental variable with which plants must cope. Contrasting terrestrial habitats may differ by at least two orders of magnitude in the daily quantum flux available for photosynthesis. In any habitat the quantum flux density varies seasonally, diurnally, and spatially (such as within a canopy of a given plant stand).
1,367 citations
TL;DR: The light-driven motion of a fluid substance in a surface-modified glass tube suggests potential applicability to microscale chemical process systems.
Abstract: The macroscopic motion of liquids on a flat solid surface was manipulated reversibly by photoirradiation of a photoisomerizable monolayer covering the surface. When a liquid droplet several millimeters in diameter was placed on a substrate surface modified with a calix[4]resorcinarene derivative having photochromic azobenzene units, asymmetrical photoirradiation caused a gradient in surface free energy due to the photoisomerization of surface azobenzenes, leading to the directional motion of the droplet. The direction and velocity of the motion were tunable by varying the direction and steepness of the gradient in light intensity. The light-driven motion of a fluid substance in a surface-modified glass tube suggests potential applicability to microscale chemical process systems.
1,352 citations
TL;DR: It is possible to use microalgae to produce the O(2) required by acclimatized bacteria to biodegrade hazardous pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolics, and organic solvents when proper methods for algal selection and cultivation are used.
1,331 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-wavelength concept for optical correction (Multiplicative Scatter Correction, MSC) is proposed for separating the chemical light absorption from the physical light scatter.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with the quantitative analysis of multicomponent mixtures by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Near-infrared reflectance (NIRR) measurements are related to chemical composition but in a nonlinear way, and light scatter distorts the data. Various response linearizations of reflectance (R) are compared (R with Saunderson correction for internal reflectance, log 1/R, and Kubelka-Munk transformations and its inverse). A multi-wavelength concept for optical correction (Multiplicative Scatter Correction, MSC) is proposed for separating the chemical light absorption from the physical light scatter. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression is used as the multivariate linear calibration method for predicting fat in meat from linearized and scatter-corrected NIRR data over a broad concentration range. All the response linearization methods improved fat prediction when used with the MSC; corrected log 1/R and inverse Kubelka-Munk transformations yielded the best results. The MSC provided simpler calibration models with good correspondence to the expected physical model of meat. The scatter coefficients obtained from the MSC correlated with fat content, indicating that fat affects the NIRR of meat with an additive absorption component and a multiplicative scatter component.
1,309 citations
TL;DR: Metal nanoshells were designed that possess both absorption and scattering properties in the NIR to provide optical contrast for improved diagnostic imaging and, at higher light intensity, rapid heating for photothermal therapy.
Abstract: Metal nanoshells are core/shell nanoparticles that can be designed to either strongly absorb or scatter within the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region (∼650−950 nm). Nanoshells were designed that possess both absorption and scattering properties in the NIR to provide optical contrast for improved diagnostic imaging and, at higher light intensity, rapid heating for photothermal therapy. Using these in a mouse model, we have demonstrated dramatic contrast enhancement for optical coherence tomography (OCT) and effective photothermal ablation of tumors.
1,289 citations