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Showing papers on "Light scattering published in 2014"


Journal ArticleDOI
03 Oct 2014-Science
TL;DR: In this paper, a chiral waveguide coupler is proposed to control the directionality of the scattering process and can direct up to 94% of the incoupled light into a given direction.
Abstract: Controlling the flow of light with nanophotonic waveguides has the potential of transforming integrated information processing. Because of the strong transverse confinement of the guided photons, their internal spin and their orbital angular momentum get coupled. Using this spin-orbit interaction of light, we break the mirror symmetry of the scattering of light with a gold nanoparticle on the surface of a nanophotonic waveguide and realize a chiral waveguide coupler in which the handedness of the incident light determines the propagation direction in the waveguide. We control the directionality of the scattering process and can direct up to 94% of the incoupled light into a given direction. Our approach allows for the control and manipulation of light in optical waveguides and new designs of optical sensors.

663 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel laser printing technique is demonstrated for the controlled fabrication and precise deposition of silicon nanoparticles using femtosecond laser pulses to vary the size of Si nanoparticles and their crystallographic phase.
Abstract: Silicon nanoparticles are of interest for their optical properties, for example, in light scattering. Here, Zywietz et al. achieve the laser printing of silicon nanoparticles on a substrate at predefined positions, and with control over their crystalline phase.

435 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fan et al. as mentioned in this paper reviewed the fundamental aspects of light scattering by small spherical particles, emphasizing the phenomenological treatments and new developments in this field, and described how Mie theory can be used to describe optical scattering of small dielectric particles, and, in the case of metallic particles, how light excites surface plasmons to generate an optical response featuring asymmetric Fano resonances.
Abstract: Light scattering by small particles has a long and interesting history in physics. Nonetheless, it continues to surprise with new insights and applications. This includes new discoveries, such as novel plasmonic effects, as well as exciting theoretical and experimental developments such as optical trapping, anomalous light scattering, optical tweezers, nanospasers, and novel aspects and realizations of Fano resonances. These have led to important new applications, including several ones in the biomedical area and in sensing techniques at the single-molecule level. There are additionally many potential future applications in optical devices and solar energy technologies. Here we review the fundamental aspects of light scattering by small spherical particles, emphasizing the phenomenological treatments and new developments in this field. The interaction of light with small spherical particles has long been a topic of interest to researchers. Indeed, understanding many natural phenomena, including rainbows and the solar corona, requires knowledge of how light behaves in such circumstances. Xiaofeng Fan and co-workers from Jilin University in China and Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the USA have now reviewed the physics and applications that arise during the interaction of light with small spherical particles. The researchers describe how Mie theory can be used to describe optical scattering by small dielectric particles, and, in the case of metallic particles, how light excites surface plasmons to generate an optical response featuring asymmetric Fano resonances. In the special case when metallic particles are surrounded by an optical gain medium, plasmons can be amplified; the resulting device is known as a ‘spaser’.

428 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pt-modified Au nanorods synthesized by anisotropic overgrowth were used for producing H2 under visible and near-infrared light irradiation and the Pt-tipped sample exhibited much higher activity compared with fully covered samples.
Abstract: Pt-modified Au nanorods (NRs) synthesized by anisotropic overgrowth were used for producing H2 under visible and near-infrared light irradiation. The Pt-tipped sample exhibited much higher activity compared with fully covered samples. Using single-particle spectroscopies combined with transmission electron microscopy, we observed obvious quenching phenomena for photoluminescence and light scattering from individual Pt-tipped NRs. The analysis of energy relaxation of plasmon-generated hot electrons indicates the electron transfer from the excited Au to Pt.

393 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that light trapping-induced localized heating provides the mechanism for low-temperature light-induced steam generation and is consistent with classical heat transfer.
Abstract: Aqueous solutions containing light-absorbing nanoparticles have recently been shown to produce steam at high efficiencies upon solar illumination, even when the temperature of the bulk fluid volume remains far below its boiling point. Here we show that this phenomenon is due to a collective effect mediated by multiple light scattering from the dispersed nanoparticles. Randomly positioned nanoparticles that both scatter and absorb light are able to concentrate light energy into mesoscale volumes near the illuminated surface of the liquid. The resulting light absorption creates intense localized heating and efficient vaporization of the surrounding liquid. Light trapping-induced localized heating provides the mechanism for low-temperature light-induced steam generation and is consistent with classical heat transfer.

388 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamental aspects of light scattering by small spherical particles, emphasizing the phenomenological treatments and new developments in this field, are reviewed, including new discoveries, such as novel plasmonic effects, as well as exciting theoretical and experimental developments.
Abstract: Light scattering by small particles has a long and interesting history in physics. Nonetheless, it continues to surprise with new insights and applications. This includes new discoveries, such as novel plasmonic effects, as well as exciting theoretical and experimental developments such as optical trapping, anomalous light scattering, optical tweezers, nano-spasers, and novel aspects and realizations of Fano resonances. These have led to important new applications, including several ones in the biomedical area and in sensing techniques at the single-molecule level. There are additionally many potential future applications in optical devices and solar energy technologies. Here we review the fundamental aspects of light scattering by small spherical particles, emphasizing the phenomenological treatments and new developments in this field.

384 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: SnO2 hollow microspheres that are utilized as a scattering layer on top of P25 films increase the DSSC photoconversion efficiency from 7.29% to 9.53% due to enhanced light scattering.
Abstract: Quintuple-shelled SnO2 hollow microspheres are prepared by a hard-template method. DSSCs constructed with SnO2 multi-shell photoanodes show a record photoconversion efficiency of 7.18% due to enhanced light scattering. SnO2 hollow microspheres that are utilized as a scattering layer on top of P25 films increase the DSSC photoconversion efficiency from 7.29% to 9.53%.

263 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection was achieved on plasmon-free TiO2 photonic artificial microarray, which can be quickly recovered under simulated solar light irradiation and repeatedly used.
Abstract: Highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection was achieved on plasmon-free TiO2 photonic artificial microarray, which can be quickly recovered under simulated solar light irradiation and repeatedly used. The sensitive detection performance is attributed to the enhanced matter-light interaction through repeated and multiple light scattering in photonic microarray. Moreover, the SERS sensitivity is unprecedentedly found to be dependent on the different light-coupling performance of microarray with various photonic band gaps, where microarray with band gap center near to laser wavelength shows a lower SERS signal due to depressed light propagation, while those with band gap edges near to laser wavelength show higher sensitivity due to slow light effect.

231 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
21 Jan 2014
TL;DR: This work creates a transparent display by projecting monochromatic images onto a polymer film embedded with nanoparticles that selectively scatter light at the projected wavelength.
Abstract: We create a transparent display by projecting monochromatic images onto a polymer film embedded with nanoparticles that selectively scatter light at the projected wavelength. This approach features simplicity, wide viewing angle, scalability, and low cost.

204 citations


Book
02 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the basic principles of interaction of light with matter are discussed, and general features of light scattering by particles in water: theory, measurements and approximations, and particle size distribution.
Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. Basic principles of interaction of light with matter 3. Optical properties of pure water, pure sea water, and natural waters 4. General features of light scattering by particles in water: theory 5. Light scattering by particles in water: measurements and approximations 6. The particle size distribution: measurements and approximations 7. Compositions, shapes, and structures of particles in water

191 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the hadronic light-by-light contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon was analyzed in the framework of dispersion theory, providing a systematic formalism where all input quantities are expressed in terms of on-shell form factors and scattering amplitudes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an experimental study of spin-wave excitation and propagation in microstructured waveguides consisting of a 100nm thick yttrium iron garnet/platinum bilayer.
Abstract: We present an experimental study of spin-wave excitation and propagation in microstructured waveguides consisting of a 100 nm thick yttrium iron garnet/platinum (Pt) bilayer. The life time of the spin waves is found to be more than an order of magnitude higher than in comparably sized metallic structures, despite the fact that the Pt capping enhances the Gilbert damping. Utilizing microfocus Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy, we reveal the spin-wave mode structure for different excitation frequencies. An exponential spin-wave amplitude decay length of 31 μm is observed which is a significant step towards low damping, insulator based micro-magnonics.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the pump laser is matched to a specific random medium to generate the optical feedback required for stimulated emission by scattering light from disordered particles, which makes controlling the emission wavelength difficult.
Abstract: Random lasers generate the optical feedback required for stimulated emission by scattering light from disordered particles. Their inherent randomness, however, makes controlling the emission wavelength difficult. It is now shown that this problem can be remedied by carefully matching the pump laser to the specific random medium. The concept is applied to a one-dimensional optofluidic device, but could also be applicable to other random lasers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work studies the emergence of collective scattering in the presence of dipole-dipole interactions when a cold cloud of rubidium atoms is illuminated with a near-resonant and weak intensity laser and compares it to numerical simulations of the optical response, which include the internal level structure of the atoms.
Abstract: We study the emergence of collective scattering in the presence of dipole-dipole interactions when we illuminate a cold cloud of rubidium atoms with a near-resonant and weak intensity laser. The size of the atomic sample is comparable to the wavelength of light. When we gradually increase the number of atoms from 1 to ?450 , we observe a broadening of the line, a small redshift and, consistently with these, a strong suppression of the scattered light with respect to the noninteracting atom case. We compare our data to numerical simulations of the optical response, which include the internal level structure of the atoms.

Journal ArticleDOI
25 Jul 2014-Science
TL;DR: It is shown that the situation is different for surroundings leading to multiple light scattering, according to Fick’s diffusion equation, and cylindrical and spherical invisibility cloaks made of thin shells of polydimethylsiloxane doped with melamine-resin microparticles are fabricated.
Abstract: In vacuum, air, and other surroundings that support ballistic light propagation according to Maxwell's equations, invisibility cloaks that are macroscopic, three-dimensional, broadband, passive, and that work for all directions and polarizations of light are not consistent with the laws of physics. We show that the situation is different for surroundings leading to multiple light scattering, according to Fick's diffusion equation. We have fabricated cylindrical and spherical invisibility cloaks made of thin shells of polydimethylsiloxane doped with melamine-resin microparticles. The shells surround a diffusively reflecting hollow core, in which arbitrary objects can be hidden. We find good cloaking performance in a water-based diffusive surrounding throughout the entire visible spectrum and for all illumination conditions and incident polarizations of light.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that single-pixel optical systems, based on compressive detection, can also overcome the fundamental limitation imposed by multiple scattering to successfully transmit information.
Abstract: Smart control of light propagation through highly scattering media is a much desired goal with major technological implications. Since interaction of light with highly scattering media results in partial or complete depletion of ballistic photons, it is in principle impossible to transmit images through distances longer than the extinction length. Nevertheless, different methods for image transmission, focusing, and imaging through scattering media by means of wavefront control have been published over the past few years. In this paper we show that single-pixel optical systems, based on compressive detection, can also overcome the fundamental limitation imposed by multiple scattering to successfully transmit information. But, in contrast with the recently introduced schemes that use the transmission matrix technique, our approach does not require any a-priori calibration process that ultimately makes the present method suitable to use with dynamic scattering media. This represents an advantage over previous methods that rely on optical feedback wavefront control, especially for short speckle decorrelation times.

Book
23 Jun 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a theory of frequency-domain electromagnetic scattering by a fixed finite object is presented, and the Stokes tensor tensor is measured in terms of actual optical observables.
Abstract: Preface Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. The macroscopic Maxwell equations and monochromatic fields 3. Fundamental homogeneous-medium solutions of the macroscopic Maxwell equations 4. Basic theory of frequency-domain electromagnetic scattering by a fixed finite object 5. Far-field scattering 6. The Foldy equations 7. The Stokes parameters 8. Poynting-Stokes tensor 9. Polychromatic electromagnetic fields 10. Polychromatic scattering by fixed and randomly changing objects 11. Measurement of electromagnetic energy flow 12. Measurement of the Stokes parameters 13. Description of far-field scattering in terms of actual optical observables 14. Electromagnetic scattering by a small random group of sparsely distributed particles 15. Statistically isotropic and mirror-symmetric random particles 16. Numerical computations and laboratory measurements of electromagnetic scattering 17. Far-field observables: qualitative and quantitative traits 18. Electromagnetic scattering by discrete random media: far field 19. Near-field scattering by a sparse discrete random medium: microphysical radiative transfer theory 20. Radiative transfer in plane-parallel particulate media 21. Weak localization 22. Epilogue Appendix A. Dyads and dyadics Appendix B. Free-space dyadic Green's function Appendix C. Euler rotation angles Appendix D. Spherical-wave expansion of a plane wave in the far zone Appendix E. Integration quadrature formulas Appendix F. Wigner d-functions Appendix G. Stationary phase evolution of a double integral Appendix H. Hints and answers to selected problems Appendix I. List of acronyms References Index.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In a subwavelength-diameter optical fibre, the first experimental observation of Brillouin light scattering from surface acoustic waves is reported, which opens new opportunities for various sensing applications, not only in microwave photonics and nonlinear plasmonics.
Abstract: In optical fibres, stimulated Brillouin scattering is a fundamental interaction where light generates bulk elastic waves and it is backward scattered by them. Here, Beugnot et al. demonstrate the generation of backward-propagating surface acoustic wave Brillouin scattering in subwavelength-diameter optical fibres.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a formalism for a model-independent evaluation of the hadronic light-by-light contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is presented.
Abstract: Based on dispersion theory, we present a formalism for a model-independent evaluation of the hadronic light-by-light contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. In particular, we comment on the definition of the pion pole in this framework and provide a master formula that relates the effect from ππ intermediate states to the partial waves for the process γ * γ * → ππ. All contributions are expressed in terms of on-shell form factors and scattering amplitudes, and as such amenable to an experimental determination.

Journal ArticleDOI
13 Oct 2014-ACS Nano
TL;DR: High sensitivity flow cytometry (HSFCM) is reported that achieves real-time light-scattering detection of single silica and gold nanoparticles as small as 24 and 7 nm in diameter, respectively, and enables high-resolution sizing of single nanoparticles directly based on their scattered intensity.
Abstract: Ultrasensitive detection and characterization of single nanoparticles (<100 nm) is important in nanotechnology and life sciences. Direct measurement of the elastically scattered light from individual nanoparticles represents the simplest and the most direct method for particle detection. However, the sixth-power dependence of scattering intensity on particle size renders very small particles indistinguishable from the background. Adopting strategies for single-molecule fluorescence detection in a sheathed flow, here we report the development of high sensitivity flow cytometry (HSFCM) that achieves real-time light-scattering detection of single silica and gold nanoparticles as small as 24 and 7 nm in diameter, respectively. This unprecedented sensitivity enables high-resolution sizing of single nanoparticles directly based on their scattered intensity. With a resolution comparable to that of TEM and the ease and speed of flow cytometric analysis, HSFCM is particularly suitable for nanoparticle size distrib...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that plasmonic nanoparticles can produce a wave-front reconstruction when they are sampled on a diffractive plane and that this wavelength modulation can be detected optically in the far field.
Abstract: This work presents an original approach to create holograms based on the optical scattering of plasmonic nanoparticles. By analogy to the diffraction produced by the scattering of atoms in X-ray crystallography, we show that plasmonic nanoparticles can produce a wave-front reconstruction when they are sampled on a diffractive plane. By applying this method, all of the scattering characteristics of the nanoparticles are transferred to the reconstructed field. Hence, we demonstrate that a narrow-band reconstruction can be achieved for direct white light illumination on an array of plasmonic nanoparticles. Furthermore, multicolor capabilities are shown with minimal cross-talk by multiplexing different plasmonic nanoparticles at subwavelength distances. The holograms were fabricated from a single subwavelength thin film of silver and demonstrate that the total amount of binary information stored in the plane can exceed the limits of diffraction and that this wavelength modulation can be detected optically in the far field.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the angular scattering properties of individual core-shell nanoparticles that support simultaneously both electric and optically-induced magnetic resonances of different orders were studied, and it was shown that the directionality of the forward scattering can be further improved through the interferences of higher order electric and magnetic modes.
Abstract: We study the angular scattering properties of individual core-shell nanoparticles that support simultaneously both electric and optically-induced magnetic resonances of different orders. In contrast to the approach to suppress the backward scattering and enhance the forward scattering relying on overlapping electric and magnetic dipoles, we reveal that the directionality of the forward scattering can be further improved through the interferences of higher order electric and magnetic modes. Since the major contributing electric and magnetic responses can be tuned to close magnitudes, ultra-directional forward scattering can be achieved by single nanoparticles without compromising the feature of backward scattering suppression, which may offer new opportunities for nanoantennas, photovoltaic devices, bio-sensing and many other interdisciplinary researches.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Raman and Krishnan as discussed by the authors observed light scattering with change of frequency in quartz and Cabannes and Rocard (1928) in France confirmed the Raman-Krishnan observations while Rocard published the first theoretical explanation.
Abstract: When monochromatic radiation νo, is incident on a system (gas, solid, liquid, glass, whether colored or transparent) most of the radiation is transmitted through the system without change, but some scattering of this radiation can also occur (approximately 1 in 107 photons). The scattered radiation corresponds to ν′ = νo ± ν m . In molecular systems, the energy of the scattered light (in wavenumbers, ν m ) is found to lie principally in the range associated with transitions between vibrational, rotational and electronic energy levels. Furthermore, the scattered radiation is generally polarized differently from that of the incident radiation with both scattered intensity and polarization dependent upon the direction of observation. During the 1920’s different physics groups worked on this subject around the world: 1) an Indian group composed of Raman and Krishnan (1928), who made the first observations of the phenomenon in liquids in 1928 (Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for this work); 2) Landsberg and Mandelstam (1928) in the USSR reported the observation of light scattering with change of frequency in quartz and finally 3) Cabannes and Rocard (1928) in France confirmed the Raman and Krishnan (1928) observations while Rocard (1928) published the first theoretical explanation. The principle of Raman spectroscopy is the illumination of a material with monochromatic light (laser) in the visible spectral range followed by the interaction of the incident photons with the molecular vibrations or crystal phonons which induces a slight shift in the wavelength of the scattered photons. Scattering can occur with a change in vibrational, rotational or electronic energy of a molecule. If the scattering is elastic and the incident photons have the same energy as the scattered photons, the process is called Rayleigh scattering and this is the dominant scattering interaction. If …

Journal ArticleDOI
20 Oct 2014
TL;DR: By achieving optical time reversal and focusing noninvasively without any external guide stars, using just the intrinsic characteristics of the sample, this work paves the way to a range of scattering media imaging applications, including underwater and atmospheric focusing as well as noninvasive in vivo flow cytometry.
Abstract: Focusing light through scattering media has been a longstanding goal of biomedical optics. While wavefront shaping and optical time-reversal techniques can in principle be used to focus light across scattering media, achieving this within a scattering medium with a noninvasive and efficient reference beacon, or guide star, remains an important challenge. Here, we show optical time-reversal focusing using a new technique termed Time Reversal by Analysis of Changing wavefronts from Kinetic targets (TRACK). By taking the difference between time-varying scattering fields caused by a moving object and applying optical time reversal, light can be focused back to the location previously occupied by the object. We demonstrate this approach with discretely moved objects as well as with particles in an aqueous flow, and obtain a focal peak-to-background strength of 204 in our demonstration experiments. We further demonstrate that the generated focus can be used to noninvasively count particles in a flow-cytometry configuration—even when the particles are hidden behind a strong diffuser. By achieving optical time reversal and focusing noninvasively without any external guide stars, using just the intrinsic characteristics of the sample, this work paves the way to a range of scattering media imaging applications, including underwater and atmospheric focusing as well as noninvasive in vivo flow cytometry.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review explores theoretical aspects and materials innovation for light scattering and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and their applications in photovoltaics are discussed.
Abstract: Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer interesting possibilities in photovoltaics which is the technology of harvesting solar photons to generate electricity. Improving the charge transport through the metal oxide film, finding dyes with better absorption both in the visible and near IR regions of the solar spectrum and fabricating innovative materials for the scattering layer are the proposed way forward for improving the efficiency of DSCs. Light scattering is employed in dye-sensitized solar cells to improve the optical absorption of the incident light. The conventional method of light scattering in DSCs is by using a separate scattering layer consisting of large particles with diameters comparable to the wavelength of the incident light. An additional over-layer on the nanocrystalline TiO2 photoanode will encourage light scattering in DSCs especially in the red part of the solar spectrum. Different nanostructures with good dye adsorption and light scattering properties were tried as light scattering layers in DSCs. Of late, scientists have attempted to use functional materials having enhanced light scattering properties and high internal surface area as dual function materials (that is a single layer of material capable of both light absorption and scattering). This review explores theoretical aspects and materials innovation for light scattering and their application in DSCs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mechanism for the formation of these novel nanostructures was investigated systemically by varying the size and the volume fraction of the Au NPs, which hold great promise for use in optical, biological-sensing, and imaging applications.
Abstract: The tuning of interfacial properties at selective and desired locations on the particles is of great importance to create the novel structured particles by breaking the symmetry of their surface property. Herein, a dramatic transition of both the external shape and internal morphology of the particles of polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) was induced by precise positioning of size-controlled Au nanoparticle surfactants (Au NPs). The size-dependent assembly of the Au NPs was localized preferentially at the interface between the P4VP domain at the particle surface and the surrounding water, which generated a balanced interfacial interaction between two different PS/P4VP domains of the BCP particles and water, producing unique convex lens-shaped BCP particles. In addition, the neutralized interfacial interaction, in combination with the directionality of the solvent-induced ordering of the BCP domains from the interface of the particle/water, generated defect-free, vertically ordered porous channels within the particles. The mechanism for the formation of these novel nanostructures was investigated systemically by varying the size and the volume fraction of the Au NPs. Furthermore, these convex lens-shaped particles with highly ordered channels can be used as a microlens, in which the light can be concentrated toward the focal point with enhanced near-field signals. And, these particles can possess additional optical properties such as unique distribution of light scattering as a result of the well-ordered Au cylinders that filled into the channels, which hold great promise for use in optical, biological-sensing, and imaging applications.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the first Kerker's condition for spherical high-index dielectric nanoparticles was realized, at which the backward scattering practically vanishes for some combination of refractive index and particle size.
Abstract: High-refractive index dielectric nanoparticles may exhibit strong directional forward light scattering at visible and near-infrared wavelengths due to interference of simultaneously excited electric and magnetic dipole resonances. For a spherical high-index dielectric, the so-called first Kerker's condition can be realized, at which the backward scattering practically vanishes for some combination of refractive index and particle size. However, Kerker's condition for spherical particles is only possible at the tail of the scattering resonances, when the particle scatters light weakly. Here we demonstrate that significantly higher forward scattering can be realized if spheroidal particles are considered instead. For each value of refractive index exists an optimum shape of the particle, which produces minimum backscattering efficiency together with maximum forward scattering. This effect is achieved due to the overlapping of magnetic and electric dipole resonances of the spheroidal particle at the resonance frequency. It permits the design of very efficient, low-loss optical nanoantennas.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that these increasingly blueshifted multipole plasmons become spectrally more prominent at shorter probe-to-surface separations and for decreasing nanosphere radii and is predicted to be measurable on single nanospheres for selected metals.
Abstract: Inspired by recent measurements on individual metallic nanospheres that can not be explained with traditional classical electrodynamics, we theoretically investigate the effects of nonlocal response by metallic nanospheres in three distinct settings: atomic spontaneous emission, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and light scattering. These constitute two near-field and one far-field measurements, with zero-, one-, and two-dimensional excitation sources, respectively. We search for the clearest signatures of hydrodynamic pressure waves in nanospheres. We employ a linearized hydrodynamic model and Mie-Lorenz theory is applied for each case. Nonlocal response shows its mark in all three configurations, but for the two near-field measurements we predict especially pronounced nonlocal effects that are not exhibited in far-field measurements. Associated with every multipole order is not only a single blueshifted surface plasmon, but also an infinite series of bulk plasmons that has no counterpart in a local-response approximation. We show that these increasingly blueshifted multipole plasmons become spectrally more prominent at shorter probe-to-surface separations and for decreasing nanosphere radii. For selected metals we predict hydrodynamic multipolar plasmons to be measurable on single nanospheres.

Journal ArticleDOI
03 Feb 2014-ACS Nano
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of nonlocal response by metallic nanospheres in three distinct settings were investigated: atomic spontaneous emission, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and light scattering.
Abstract: Inspired by recent measurements on individual metallic nanospheres that cannot be explained with traditional classical electrodynamics, we theoretically investigate the effects of nonlocal response by metallic nanospheres in three distinct settings: atomic spontaneous emission, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and light scattering. These constitute two near-field and one far-field measurements, with zero-, one-, and two-dimensional excitation sources, respectively. We search for the clearest signatures of hydrodynamic pressure waves in nanospheres. We employ a linearized hydrodynamic model, and Mie–Lorenz theory is applied for each case. Nonlocal response shows its mark in all three configurations, but for the two near-field measurements, we predict especially pronounced nonlocal effects that are not exhibited in far-field measurements. Associated with every multipole order is not only a single blueshifted surface plasmon but also an infinite series of bulk plasmons that have no counterpart in a local-r...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a tunable transmission haze was used to manage the light scattering effect of transparent paper without sacrificing its original high transmittance for the application in optoelectronics.
Abstract: The ability to manage the light scattering effect of transparent paper without sacrificing its original high transmittance is critical for the application in optoelectronics since different devices have different requirements for the optical properties. In this paper, we study highly transparent paper with a tunable transmission haze by rationally managing the ratio of nanoscale cellulose fibers to macroscopic cellulose fibers. The transparent papers present a largely modulated light scattering behavior while retaining a transparency of over 90%. Various measurements are then used to characterize the optical properties of the different transparent papers in detail. To demonstrate the device applications in green electronics, we fabricated a top gated transistor with MoS2 on the transparent paper containing 100% NFC that leads to an excellent on/off ratio. The highly transparent paper with a controllable light scattering behavior has an unprecedented potential for applications in optoelectronic devices as a substrate or a functional component.