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Lime

About: Lime is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 22198 publications have been published within this topic receiving 214379 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Soil acidification is caused by a number of factors including acidic precipitation and the deposition from the atmosphere of acidifying gases or particles, such as sulphur dioxide, ammonia and nitric acid; the most important causes are the application of ammonium‐based fertilizers and urea, elemental S fertilizer and the growth of legumes.
Abstract: Soil acidification is caused by a number of factors including acidic precipitation and the deposition from the atmosphere of acidifying gases or particles, such as sulphur dioxide, ammonia and nitric acid. The most important causes of soil acidification on agricultural land, however, are the application of ammonium-based fertilizers and urea, elemental S fertilizer and the growth of legumes. Acidification causes the loss of base cations, an increase in aluminium saturation and a decline in crop yields; severe acidification can cause nonreversible clay mineral dissolution and a reduction in cation exchange capacity, accompanied by structural deterioration. Soil acidity is ameliorated by applying lime or other acid-neutralizing materials. 'Liming' also reduces N2O emissions, but this is more than offset by CO 2 emissions from the lime as it neutralizes acidity. Because crop plants vary in their tolerance to acidity and plant nutrients have different optimal pH ranges, target soil pH values in the UK are set at 6.5 (5.8 in peaty soils) for cropped land and 6.0 (5.3 in peaty soils) for grassland. Agricultural lime products can be sold as 'EC Fertiliser Liming Materials' but, although vital for soil quality and agricultural production, liming tends to be strongly influenced by the economics of farming. Consequently, much less lime is being applied in the UK than required, and many arable and grassland soils are below optimum pH.

482 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved soil test buffer method was developed for rapid routine laboratory analyses. But, this method is not adequate for indicating lime needs of soils regardless of extractable (soluble) Al present.
Abstract: Studies were conducted to determine why certain soil test methods fail to indicate the actual lime requirement in many Ohio soils. Samples of 14 soils from various areas of the State were collected for study. The soils were incubated with various rates of applied CaCO₃ to determine actual lime requirement of each soil. Attempts were made to find laboratory methods that would accurately indicate the lime requirement of each. For these soils the Woodruff method had indicated only about half the amount of the actual lime requirement. The Mehlich triethanolamine method indicated accurately the amount of lime required for the unlimed acid soils. However, this method indicated too high a lime requirement on soils partially limed. Subtraction of the acidity measured above pH 6.8 by the triethanolamine method and then addition of the extractable Al, gave a very good indication of lime needs on all soils not limed above neutrality regardless of lime additions. Addition of extractable Al to total bases and triethanolamine-measured acidity to pH 6.8 gave nearly constant cation-exchange capacities of soils regardless of lime additions. These studies have led to development of an improved soil test buffer method for rapid routine laboratory analyses. It appears to be adequate for indicating lime needs of soils regardless of extractable (soluble) Al present.

474 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that both red mud and lime can be used to remediate a heavily contaminated acid soil to allow re-vegetation and reduce metal availability to Festuca rubra.

400 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Al-Khod (Town in northern Oman) expansive soil was stabilized using lime, cement, combinations of lime and cement, Sarooj (artificial pozzolan) and heat treatment.

392 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the most efficient means to produce fermentable sugars from corn stover is by enzymic hydrolysis, which is facilitated by thermochemical pretreatment of the corn Stover.
Abstract: Corn stover is an abundant, potential fermentation substrate. The most efficient means to produce fermentable sugars from corn stover is by enzymic hydrolysis, which is facilitated by thermochemical pretreatment of the corn stover. Pretreatment with slake lime (calcium hydroxide) increased the enzymic hydrolysis of corn stover nine times compared to untreated corn stover. The recommended pretreatment conditions are: lime loading 0.075 g Ca(OH)2 (g dry biomass)−1; water loading 5 g H2O (g dry biomass)−1; and heating for 4 h at 120°C. The recommended enzyme loading for the enzymic saccharification of pretreated corn stover is 10 FPU (g dry biomass)−1 and the recommended hydrolysis temperature is 40°C. The enzymic conversion of the corn stover to monosaccharides, when pretreated and saccharified as prescribed for 72 h, was about 60% cellulose, 47% xylan, and 53% total available polysaccharide. Increasing the enzyme loading to 25 FPU (g dry biomass)−1 and the hydrolysis time to 7 days produced conversions of 88.0, 87.7, and 92.1% for the glucan, xylan and arabinan, respectively. These high conversions indicate that pretreatment with lime can lead to corn stover polysaccharide conversions approaching 100%; the success of the saccharification after lime pretreatment depends on the enzyme loading.

388 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023855
20221,733
2021722
2020803
2019902
2018930