Limit price

About: Limit price is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4865 publications have been published within this topic receiving 148546 citations.

Some Further Evidence on the Law of One Price: The Law of One Price Still Holds

Abstract: International trade models often postulate the existence of a representative price, i.e., the price which prevails at all markets. This is known as the "Law of One Price." In this paper, the law of one price is tested for seven commodities among four countries by explicitly considering transaction costs. The empirical evidence suggests that, in most cases, the law of one price cannot be rejected asa maintained hypothesis. Furthermore, for the remaining cases transaction costs seem to cause the failure.

Pricing and Delivery-Time Performance in a Competitive Environment

Abstract: We present a model of market competition in which customer preferences are over not only price and quality but also delivery speed. This allows a study of market demand and firms' decisions on price, quality, technology and responsiveness in a competitive environment. When demand arises, a customer chooses the firm that maximizes its expected utility of price, quality and response time. The demand function for each firm is derived by analyzing a queueing system with competing servers. We then study price competition among firms with differentiated processing rates. In the equilibrium, the firm with a higher processing rate always enjoys a price premium, and, further, enjoys a larger market share when its opponent also has adequate processing rate to serve all the customers alone.

Replicated derivatives having demand-based, adjustable returns, and trading exchange therefor

Abstract: Methods and systems for trading and replicating contingent claims, such as derivatives strategies, in a demand-based auction are described. In one embodiment, a set of demand-based claims, each of which can be a vanilla option or a digital option, approximate or replicate the contingent claim into a vanilla replicating basis or a digital replicating basis, and the order for the contingent claim is then evaluated or processed in the demand-based auction. In another embodiment, a plurality of strikes and a plurality of replicating claims are established for a demand-based auction on an event, one or more replicating claims striking at each of the strikes in the auction. A contingent claim, such as derivatives strategy, is replicated with a replication set that includes one or more of the replicating claims in the auction. The equilibrium price and/or the payout for the derivatives strategy is determined as a function of the demand-based valuation of each of the replicating claims in the replication set. For a customer order requesting a number of a certain derivatives strategy in the demand-based auction and a limit price per derivatives strategy, the premium of the customer order is determined as a product of the equilibrium price for the derivatives strategy and a filled number of derivatives strategies for the order, each determined as a function of the demand-based valuation of each of the replicating claims in the demand-based auction.

Asymmetric Price Adjustment and Consumer Search: An Examination of the Retail Gasoline Market - eScholarship

Abstract: It has been documented that retail gasoline prices respond more quickly to increases in wholesale price than to decreases. However, there is very little theoretical or empirical evidence identifying the market characteristics responsible for this behavior. This paper presents a new theoretical model of asymmetric adjustment that empirically matches observed retail gasoline price behavior better than previously suggested explanations. I develop a “reference price” consumer search model that assumes consumers’ expectations of prices are based on prices observed during previous purchases. The model predicts that consumers search less when prices are falling. This reduced search results in higher profit margins and a slower price response to cost changes than when margins are low and prices are increasing. Following the predictions of the theory, I use a panel of gas station prices to estimate the response pattern of prices to a change in costs. Unlike previous empirical studies I focus on how profit margins (in addition to the direction of the cost change) affect the speed of price response. Estimates are consistent with the predictions of the reference price search model, and appear to contradict previously suggested explanations of asymmetric adjustment.

Alternative Forms of Economic Regulation and their Efficiency Implications for Airports

Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of different forms of price regulation on airport efficiency Our investigation takes into account the interaction between concession profits and price regulations Our results show that while ROR regulation may lead to over investment in capacity, price-cap regulation is prone to under-investment The extent of the under-investment is found to be less under the dual-till price cap than under the single-till price cap Our empirical investigation of capital input productivity and total factor productivity confirm the analytical findings In particular, the total factor productivity is greater under the dual-till price cap than under either the single-till price cap or single-till ROR Our analysis appears to support the argument made by several economists that dual till regulation would be better than the single-till regulation in terms of economic efficiency, especially for large and busy airports