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Liquid metal

About: Liquid metal is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6947 publications have been published within this topic receiving 77785 citations. The topic is also known as: liquid alloy & liquid metal alloy.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a millimeter-scale thermal switch with a switching ratio of 70 at heat fluxes near 10 W/cm2, which is capable of modulating between high and low thermal conductances, enabling the partitioning and active control of heat flow pathways.
Abstract: Devices capable of actively controlling heat flow have been desired by the thermal management community for decades. The need for thermal control has become particularly urgent with power densification resulting in devices with localized heat fluxes as high as 1 kW/cm2. Thermal switches, capable of modulating between high and low thermal conductances, enable the partitioning and active control of heat flow pathways. This paper reports a millimeter-scale thermal switch with a switching ratio >70, at heat fluxes near 10 W/cm2. The device consists of a silicone channel filled with a reducing liquid or vapor and an immersed liquid metal Galinstan slug. Galinstan has a relatively high thermal conductivity (≈16.5 W/mK at room temperature), and its position can be manipulated within the fluid channel, using either hydrostatic pressure or electric fields. When Galinstan bridges the hot and cold reservoirs (the “ON” state), heat flows across the channel. When the hot and cold reservoirs are instead filled with the...

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Shuting Zheng1, Mengqi Zeng1, Hui Cao1, Tao Zhang1, Xiaowen Gao1, Yao Xiao1, Lei Fu1 
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors obtained the millimeter-size graphene single crystals on liquid Cu and showed that the rich free-electrons in liquid Cu accelerate the nucleation, and the isotropic smooth surface greatly suppresses nucleation.
Abstract: Previous reports about the growth of large graphene single crystals on polycrystalline metal substrates usually adopted the strategy of suppressing the nucleation by lowering the concentration of the feedstock, which greatly limited the rate of the nucleation and the sequent growth. The emerging liquid metal catalyst possesses the characteristic of quasi-atomically smooth surface with high diffusion rate. In principle, it should be a naturally ideal platform for the low-density nucleation and the fast growth of graphene. However, the rapid growth of large graphene single crystals on liquid metals has not received the due attention. In this paper, we firstly purposed the insight into the rapid growth of large graphene single crystals on liquid metals. We obtained the millimeter-size graphene single crystals on liquid Cu. The rich free-electrons in liquid Cu accelerate the nucleation, and the isotropic smooth surface greatly suppresses the nucleation. Moreover, the fast mass-transfer of carbon atoms due to the excellent fluidity of liquid Cu promotes the fast growth with a rate up to 79 µm s–1. We hope the research on the growth speed of graphene on liquid Cu can enrich the recognition of the growth behavior of two-dimensional (2D) materials on the liquid metal. We also believe that the liquid metal strategy for the rapid growth of graphene can be extended to various 2D materials and thus promote their future applications in the photonics and electronics.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Account describes a new electrochemical synthetic strategy for direct growth of crystalline covalent group IV and III-V semiconductor materials at or near ambient temperature conditions and detail ec-LLS as a platform to prepare Ge and Si crystals from bulk- and nano-sized liquid metal electrodes in common solvents at low temperature.
Abstract: ConspectusThis Account describes a new electrochemical synthetic strategy for direct growth of crystalline covalent group IV and III–V semiconductor materials at or near ambient temperature conditions. This strategy, which we call “electrochemical liquid–liquid–solid” (ec-LLS) crystal growth, marries the semiconductor solvation properties of liquid metal melts with the utility and simplicity of conventional electrodeposition. A low-temperature liquid metal (i.e., Hg, Ga, or alloy thereof) acts simultaneously as the source of electrons for the heterogeneous reduction of oxidized semiconductor precursors dissolved in an electrolyte as well as the solvent for dissolution of the zero-valent semiconductor. Supersaturation of the semiconductor in the liquid metal triggers eventual crystal nucleation and growth. In this way, the liquid electrolyte–liquid metal–solid crystal phase boundary strongly influences crystal growth.As a synthetic strategy, ec-LLS has several intrinsic features that are attractive for pre...

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a thorough review of low-melting-point liquid metal convective heat transfer technologies is presented, where the authors describe typical driving techniques of liquid metals based on electromagnetic, thermal, electrical and magnetic methods.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a tungsten plate heated up in TEXTOR by the plasma load was investigated at temperatures extending to the melting point, and the material redistribution due to the melt layer motion was compared with a MEMOS-1.5D simulation.

37 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023233
2022413
2021259
2020340
2019399
2018369