Topic
Liquid metal
About: Liquid metal is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6947 publications have been published within this topic receiving 77785 citations. The topic is also known as: liquid alloy & liquid metal alloy.
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of leakage on the safety of a thermal nuclear core with solid moderator material was investigated and it was shown that safety studies for such small cores should be based on full core calculations instead of the traditional infinite lattice studies for fuel assemblies.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the morphological evolution of the liquid-vapor interface during laser melting as a function of ambient pressure and oxygen partial pressure under LPBF conditions in 316 l steel, Ti-64, aluminum 6061, and Nickel 400 was investigated.
Abstract: Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing and laser welding are powerful metal processing techniques with broad applications in advanced sectors such as the biomedical and aerospace industries. One common process variable that can tune laser-material interaction dynamics in these two techniques is adjustment of the composition and pressure of the atmosphere in which the process is conducted. While some of the physical mechanisms that are governed by the ambient pressure are well known from the welding literature, it remains unclear how these mechanisms extend to the distinct process conditions of LPBF. In situ studies of the differences in subsurface structure and behavior are essential for understanding the effects of gas pressure and composition on the LPBF processes. This article reports the use of in situ X-ray imaging to directly probe the morphological evolution of the liquid-vapor interface during laser melting as a function of ambient pressure and oxygen partial pressure under LPBF conditions in 316 L steel, Ti-64, aluminum 6061, and Nickel 400. We observe significant changes in melt pool morphology as a function of pressure. Furthermore, similar changes in morphology occur due to an increase in oxygen partial pressure in the process atmosphere. Temperature- and composition-dependent changes in surface tension of the liquid metal drive this change in behavior, which has the potential to influence defect creation and final morphology in LPBF parts.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of an external magnetic field on the dilution of silicon-containing filler wire has been investigated in the case of laser welding of hot-cracking sensitive aluminum alloys.
Abstract: The use of magnetic fields to influence weld bead shape and dilution in laser welding of aluminum alloys was recently suggested. It was already demonstrated for the case of laser welding of hot-cracking sensitive aluminum alloys with silicon-containing filler wire that applying alternating magnetic fields has an impact on the dilution of silicon in the melt pool, yielding a sufficient silicon content throughout the weld and allowing to suppress hot-cracking. However, the interaction mechanisms between the aluminum melt and the magnetic field are still subject of current investigations and are not fully revealed yet. The behavior of the melt flow under influence of an external magnetic field can be visualized by microfocused high-speed x-ray transmission imaging. To do so, high density tracer materials such as tin (Sn) and tungsten (W) particles that follow the melt flow are introduced into the base material. It can be seen that the additionally induced forces of the magnetic field cause higher velocities in the melt pool. Moreover, the flow of molten liquid perpendicular to the magnetic field is modified. The experimental results are discussed in light of general theoretical assumptions concerning a liquid metal flow under the influence of an external magnetic field. It is established that the effect of the alternating magnetic field can be explained as an anisotropic pulsating electromagnetic force brake that causes a specific deflection of the liquid metal flow.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a computer code sphincs solves coupled phenomena of thermal hydraulics and sodium fire based on a multi-zone model, which deals with an arbitrary number of rooms, each of which is connected mutually by doorways and penetrations.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a magnetic liquid metal marble (MLMM) was obtained by coating a liquid metal's surface with micro/nano-sized ferromagnetic iron (Fe) particles.
Abstract: We report a “magnetic liquid metal marble” (MLMM) obtained by coating a liquid metal’s surface with micro/nano-sized ferromagnetic iron (Fe) particles, which enables on-demand, magnetic manipulation of a liquid metal droplet for switching applications. Among liquid metals, gallium-based liquid metal alloys have been developed for a variety of applications. However, most developed applications using the gallium-based liquid metal alloy only work on deformability because of its easy-wetting property stemming from surface oxidation. By coating the oxidized surface with the 45 $\mu \text{m}$ or 45 nm diameter Fe particles, the MLMM exhibits non-wetting property investigated by evaluating apparent contact angles and sliding angles against various surfaces. On the Teflon-coated glass, the largest contact angle was measured to be ~169.0°, and the lowest sliding angle was obtained to be 17.2°, respectively. In order to move the 45- $\mu \text{m}$ diameter Fe particles-coated MLMM, we measured the minimum required magnetic flux density of 150 gauss and demonstrated the magnetic control of the liquid metal marble to turn ON light emitting diodes. In addition, we investigated that hydrochloric acid-vapor treatment on the MLMM enhanced the lyophobicity (sliding angle of 9.4°), reduced the minimum magnetic flux density (150 to 107 gauss) to actuate it, and enabled electrical switching applicability even in silicon oil with shorter delay time and high mobility of the MLMM under the applied magnetic field. [2015-0329]
28 citations