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Liquid metal

About: Liquid metal is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6947 publications have been published within this topic receiving 77785 citations. The topic is also known as: liquid alloy & liquid metal alloy.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of relative axial position, wall heat flux and Re number on the heat transfer were discussed, respectively, and new correlations for the friction factor and Nu number calculations were proposed based on the current experimental data.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review on the corrosion resistance of structural materials (such as EP823, T91, ODS, and authentic steels) in high-temperature liquid metal served as reactor coolants is presented.
Abstract: Liquid metal fast reactors were considered to be the most promising solution to meet the enormous energy demand in the future. However, corrosion phenomenon caused by the liquid metal, especially in high-temperature lead-bismuth coolant, has greatly hindered the commercialization of the advanced Generation-IV nuclear system. This review discussed current research on the corrosion resistance of structural materials (such as EP823, T91, ODS, and authentic steels) in high-temperature liquid metal served as reactor coolants. The current corrosion resistance evaluation has proved that even for the excellent performance of EP823, the structural material selected in pressurized water reactor is not the ideal material for operation in the high-temperature lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE). Furthermore, the latest coating technologies that are expected to be applied to cladding materials for coolant system were extensively discussed, including Al-containing coatings, ceramic coatings, oxide coatings, amorphous coatings and high-entropy alloy coatings. The detailed comparison summarized the corrosion morphology and corrosion products of various coatings in LBE. This review not only provided a systematic understanding of the corrosion phenomena, but also demonstrated that coating technology is an effective method to solve the corrosion issues of the advanced next-generation reactors.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the coupling dynamics of interfacial waves in liquid metal batteries and its effects on the battery's operation safety are investigated, and a potential flow analysis of coupled gravity-capillary interfacial wave is presented.
Abstract: We investigate the coupling dynamics of interfacial waves in liquid metal batteries and its effects on the battery’s operation safety. Similar to aluminium reduction cells, liquid metal batteries can be highly susceptible to magnetohydrodynamically exited interfacial instabilities. The resulting waves are capable of provoking short-circuits. Owing to the presence of two metal-electrolyte interfaces that may step into resonance, the wave dynamics in liquid metal batteries is particularly complex. In the first part of this paper, we present a potential flow analysis of coupled gravity–capillary interfacial waves. While we are focusing here on liquid metal batteries with circular cross-section, the theory is applicable to arbitrary stably stratified three-layer systems. Analytical expressions for the amplitude ratio and the wave frequencies are derived. It is shown that the wave coupling can be completely described by two independent dimensionless parameters. We further provide a decoupling criterion that suggests that wave coupling will be present in most future liquid metal batteries. In the second part, the theory is validated by comparing it with multiphase direct numerical simulations. An accompanying parameter study is conducted to analyse the system stability for interfaces coupled to varying degrees. Three different coupling regimes are identified involving characteristic coupling dynamics. For strongly coupled interfaces we observe novel instabilities that may have beneficial effects on the operational safety.

24 citations

Patent
17 Jun 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, a heat exchanger and an electromagnetic pump assembly is described, including a housing for defining an annularly-shaped cavity and supporting therein a plurality of tubes.
Abstract: A heat exchanger and electromagnetic pump assembly is disclosed as comprising a heat exchanger including a housing for defining an annularly shaped cavity and supporting therein a plurality of tubes. An electromagnetic pump is disposed beneath the heat exchanger and is comprised of a plurality of flow couplers disposed in a circular array. Each flow coupler is comprised of a pump duct for receiving primary liquid metal, and a generator duct for receiving an intermediate liquid metal. A downcomer tube is disposed centrally of the assembly and passes through the annularly shaped cavity and the array of flow couplers to discharge the intermediate fluid into a first plenum chamber. The first plenum chamber is disposed in communication with the generator ducts of all of the flow couplers, thus permitting the intermediate liquid metal to flow upward therethrough. The generator ducts exit their flows of the intermediate liquid metal in common to a second plenum chamber, which is disposed in communication with the annularly shaped cavity to permit the flow of the intermediate liquid metal therethrough, whereby the intermediate liquid metal is heated by the flow of the primary liquid metal through the tubes. A third plenum chamber receives collectively the flows of the primary liquid metals from the tube and for directing the primary liquid metal to the pump ducts of the flow couplers, whereby a force is exerted on the primary liquid metal, pumping it through the pump ducts.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Jun Du1, Xin Wang1, Bai Hao1, Guangxi Zhao1, Yubin Zhang1 
TL;DR: In this paper, a new metal additive manufacturing (AM) process, referred to as the "metal fused-coating additive manufacturing" (MFCAM), was developed for high-efficiency deposition of metal parts.

24 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023233
2022413
2021259
2020340
2019399
2018369