Topic
Liquid metal
About: Liquid metal is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6947 publications have been published within this topic receiving 77785 citations. The topic is also known as: liquid alloy & liquid metal alloy.
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TL;DR: In this article, a metal PCM with refractory metallic shells was proposed, which can work at temperature up to 1000 degrees C. The latent heat density of as-prepared capsules is up to 75% of the theoretical value (about 71 J/g) at the melting temperature of 1077 degrees C and the thermal resistance of chromium-nickel layer is 8.27 x 10(-6) m(2) k/w.
112 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the state-of-the-art progress in fabricating methods, highlight unique features, and discuss applications of liquid metal micro/nanoparticles in biomedicine, soft electronics, thermal management and soft motors.
Abstract: Liquid metal is a liquid-state metallic material with a low melting point at or around room temperature. Owing to their high thermal or electrical conductivity, low viscosity and superior fluidity, liquid metals are emerging as a highly desirable candidate in a broad array of areas, such as flexible electronics, thermal management, soft machines and biomedical materials. However, bulk liquid metal is not readily utilized because of its high surface tension and large dimension-induced dexterity limitations. To address this challenge, liquid metals have been innovated with micro/nanotechnology to endow the bulk liquid metals with remarkably diversified performances. These new functional materials not only possess the softness of classical liquid metals but also have many outstanding properties, including great thermal conductivity, self-healing ability and stimuli-responsive deformability. Compared to rigid inorganic micro/nanoscale materials, soft liquid metal micro/nanoparticles demonstrate their unconventionally superior flexibility, compliance and tunability. This review is dedicated to summarize the state-of-the-art progress in fabricating methods, highlight unique features, and discuss applications of liquid metal micro/nanoparticles in biomedicine, soft electronics, thermal management and soft motors. Future outlooks, including both opportunities and scientific challenges of liquid metal micro/nanoparticles, are also presented here.
112 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized previous research on liquid metal batteries and highlighted their fresh understanding of the electrochemistry of liquid metal battery that have arisen from researchers' efforts, along with discovered hurdles that have been realized in reformulated cells.
Abstract: The search for alternatives to traditional Li-ion batteries is a continuous quest for the chemistry and materials science communities. One representative group is the family of rechargeable liquid metal batteries, which were initially exploited with a view to implementing intermittent energy sources due to their specific benefits including their ultrafast electrode charge-transfer kinetics and their ability to resist microstructural electrode degradation. Although conventional liquid metal batteries require high temperatures to liquify electrodes, and maintain the high conductivity of molten salt electrolytes, the degrees of electrochemical irreversibility induced by their corrosive active components emerged as a drawback. In addition, safety issues caused by the complexity of parasitic chemical reactivities at high temperatures further complicated their practical applications. To address these challenges, new paradigms for liquid metal batteries operated at room or intermediate temperatures are explored to circumvent the thermal management problems, corrosive reactions, and challenges related to hermetic sealing, by applying alternative electrodes, manipulating the underlying electrochemical behavior via electrolyte design concepts, and engineering the electrode–electrolyte interfaces, thereby enabling both conventional and completely new functionalities. This report briefly summarizes previous research on liquid metal batteries and, in particular, highlights our fresh understanding of the electrochemistry of liquid metal batteries that have arisen from researchers’ efforts, along with discovered hurdles that have been realized in reformulated cells. Finally, the feasibility of new liquid metal batteries is discussed along with their distinct chemistries and performance characteristics to answer the question of how liquid metals can be accessible for next-generation battery systems.
111 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the vapor pressure of several liquid metals was measured using a method based on the gas-controlled heat pipe, and small samples of the test material were placed in a tungsten tube and heated to temperatures above 2900 K. Most of the tests were terminated by the failure of the containment tube.
Abstract: The vapor pressure of several liquid metals was measured using a method based on the gas-controlled heat pipe. Small samples of the test material were placed in a tungsten tube and heated to temperatures above 2900 K. The vapor pressure was measured using a gas-buffered pressure transducer and the vapor temperature was inferred from the tube surface temperature, which was measured with an optical pyrometer. Most of the tests were terminated by the failure of the containment tube. The measured pressures agree well with those calculated by thermodynamic methods from data at lower temperatures.
111 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed liquid metals as advanced heat transfer fluids that can face those challenges, and quantified their main advantages regarding higher temperature and improved heat transfer performance. But they did not consider the potential of liquid metals to be used as thermal energy storage.
111 citations