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Liquid metal

About: Liquid metal is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6947 publications have been published within this topic receiving 77785 citations. The topic is also known as: liquid alloy & liquid metal alloy.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new technique is proposed for the direct measurement of capillary forces in systems of relevance to the infiltration processing of metal matrix composites, which is essentially a high-temperature analogue of mercury porosimetry.
Abstract: A new technique is proposed for the direct measurement of capillary forces in systems of relevance to the infiltration processing of metal matrix composites Capable of handling melt temperatures up to 1500 K and infiltration pressures up to 20 MPa, the technique is essentially a high-temperature analogue of mercury porosimetry Its accuracy is demonstrated by comparison with other techniques and its use is illustrated with the infiltration of diamond particle preforms by Al and Al-Si alloys at 973 K (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an experimental study concerned with investigations of the two-phase flow in a mock-up of the continuous casting process of steel, where argon gas is injected through the tip of the stopper rod into the liquid metal flow.
Abstract: We present an experimental study concerned with investigations of the two-phase flow in a mock-up of the continuous casting process of steel. A specific experimental facility was designed and constructed at HZDR for visualizing liquid metal two-phase flows in the mold and the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) by means of X-ray radioscopy. This setup operates with the low melting, eutectic alloy GaInSn as model liquid. The argon gas is injected through the tip of the stopper rod into the liquid metal flow. The system operates continuously under isothermal conditions. First results will be presented here revealing complex flow structures in the SEN widely differing from a homogeneously dispersed bubbly flow. The patterns are mainly dominated by large bubbles and large-area detachments of the liquid metal flow from the inner nozzle wall. Various flow regimes can be distinguished depending on the ratio between the liquid and the gas flow rate. Smaller gas bubbles are produced by strong shear flows near the nozzle ports. The small bubbles are entrained by the submerged jet and mainly entrapped by the lower circulation roll in the mold. Larger bubbles develop by coalescence and ascend toward the free surface.

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the performance of jet impingement for high heat-flux cooling and showed that it is capable of accommodating a heat flux of about 20MW/m 2 over an area of 10 −4 ǫm 2.

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an isotropic nano-liquid metal thermally-conductive and electrically insulating material (nLM-THEM) is developed by combining a modified polymer and well-dispersed nanoparticles, achieving an ∼50× increase in thermal conductivity over the base polymer.
Abstract: Dielectric materials typically demonstrate poor thermal conductivity, which limits their application in emerging technologies in integrated circuits, computer chips, light-emitting diode lamps, and other electronic packaging areas. Using liquid metal microdroplets as inclusions to develop thermal interface materials has been shown to effectively improve thermal pathways, but this type of material may become electroconductive with the application of a concentrated compressive stress. In this study, an isotropic nano-liquid metal thermally-conductive and electrically-insulating material (nLM-THEM) is developed by combining a modified polymer and well-dispersed nanoparticles, achieving an ∼50× increase in thermal conductivity over the base polymer. In addition, the thermal conductivity of nLM-THEMs exhibits no significant change with varying humidity and a stable anti-corrosion effect even in direct contact with aluminum. More importantly, nLM-THEMs demonstrate a stable electrical insulating property upon compressive stress, while conventional micro-LM-THEMs exude liquid metal. This exceptional combination of thermal and electrical insulation properties is enabled by the interconnection of uniform and spherical liquid metal nanoparticles to create more thermally-conductive pathways, and surfactant modified nanoparticles ensure excellent electric insulation. Moreover, this material can achieve passive heat exchange through rapid heat dissipation, which demonstrates its great application potential in the electronic packaging area.

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a hydrodynamic model is presented which predicts the experimental I-V characteristics of liquid metal ion sources and suggests that a reduction in the energy spread (Boersch Effect) of the emitted ions may be achieved by increasing the needle flow impedance.
Abstract: Factors affecting the current‐voltage characteristics of liquid metal ion sources are reviewed. The results demonstrate that ion emission is not controlled by space‐charge effects but rather is determined by liquid flow limitations along the needle emitter. A hydrodynamic model is presented which predicts the experimental I‐V characteristics. The model suggests that a reduction in the energy spread (Boersch Effect) of the emitted ions may be achieved by increasing the needle flow impedance.

51 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023233
2022413
2021259
2020340
2019399
2018369