Topic
Liquid metal embrittlement
About: Liquid metal embrittlement is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 590 publications have been published within this topic receiving 8523 citations.
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that adsorption can induce a coupled grain boundary structural and chemical phase transition that causes drastic changes in properties and provides a new perspective for understanding the atomic-scale embrittlement mechanism.
Abstract: Intrinsically ductile metals are prone to catastrophic failure when exposed to certain liquid metals, but the atomic-level mechanism for this effect is not fully understood. We characterized a model system, a nickel sample infused with bismuth atoms, by using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and observed a bilayer interfacial phase that is the underlying cause of embrittlement. This finding provides a new perspective for understanding the atomic-scale embrittlement mechanism and for developing strategies to control the practically important liquid metal embrittlement and the more general grain boundary embrittlement phenomena in alloys. This study further demonstrates that adsorption can induce a coupled grain boundary structural and chemical phase transition that causes drastic changes in properties.
271 citations
TL;DR: The authors describes the principal characteristics of liquid metal embrittlement and the several models which have been advanced in attempts to explain the occurrence and different features of the process Comparison between theory and experiment indicates that many, but not all, of its aspects are consistent with a mechanism which operates by reducing the fracture surface energy of the solid metal.
Abstract: Liquid metal embrittlement is the reduction in the elongation to failure that can be produced when normally ductile solid metals are stressed while in contact with a liquid metal This review describes its principal characteristics and the several models which have been advanced in attempts to explain the occurrence and different features of the process Comparison between theory and experiment indicates that many, but not all, of its aspects are consistent with a mechanism which operates by reducing the fracture surface energy of the solid metal Literature reports show that liquid metal embrittlement can occur with a very wide range of material combinations, and while most of the data refer to laboratory studies, it is clear that the phenomenon is also of technological significance as a potential cause of plant damage
261 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1960
TL;DR: In this paper, an electron microscopic investigation of the mechanics of liquid metal embrittlement is described, along with a detailed characterization of the aluminum-gallium couple and its behavior.
Abstract: : An electron microscopic investigation of the mechanics of liquid metal embrittlement is described. Specimen preparations, techniques, and tentative conclusions are reported on the aluminum-gallium couple.
235 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Obreimov-Gilman cleavage technique to study the effects of a mercury environment on the cleavage fracture energy of high purity zinc monocrystals.
Abstract: The Obreimov—Gilman cleavage technique has been used to study, in a quantitative manner, the effects of a mercury environment on the cleavage fracture energy of high purity zinc monocrystals. The experimental observations support the view that the total energy involved in the propagation of a crack, Φ, can be conveniently represented by the relation Φ = η• ρ • γ0, where η is an environmental variable—-the coefficient of embrittlement—-which relates the energy required to separate atoms at the crack tip in the presence and absence of an embrittling phase, ρ is a dimensionless variable dependent upon the degree of plastic relaxation at the crack tip and independent of η, and γ0 is the true surface energy of the fracture plane. In this work, γ0Zn(77°K) was determined to be 90 ± 10 ergs/cm2, γ0Zn(29°K) to be 87 ± 5 ergs/cm2 and η Zn-Hg(298°) to be 0•61 ± 0•12. On the basis of available experimental evidence concerning embrittlement by liquid metals, a new mechanism for this phenomenon is considered. ...
193 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a mechanism for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is developed from simple metallurgical principles and assuming that high surface mobility is present in the process, and an equation is found for crack velocity as a function of surface mobility and stress concentration at the tip of the crack.
Abstract: A mechanism for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is developed from simple metallurgical principles and assuming that high surface mobility is present in the process. An equation is found for crack velocity as a function of surface mobility and stress concentration at the tip of the crack. This mechanism is shown to predict SCC specificity, as well as the effect of temperature on SCC, and the enhancement of crack velocity by hydrogen. A correlation between SCC, liquid metal embrittlement and hydrogen embrittlement of non-hydride forming metals is established.
183 citations