Topic
Liquid nitrogen
About: Liquid nitrogen is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6252 publications have been published within this topic receiving 53933 citations. The topic is also known as: LN2 & LN₂.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the electronic conductivity of a number of iron oxides of the homogeneous "Fe3O4" phase, especially as a function of the exact stoichiometrie composition of the material.
Abstract: WE have measured the electronic conductivity, down to liquid nitrogen temperature, of a number of iron oxides of the homogeneous ‘Fe3O4’ phase, especially as a function of the exact stoichiometrie composition of the material. This seemed of theoretical interest for several reasons:
1,520 citations
TL;DR: A cubic form of C3N4 with a zero-pressure bulk modulus exceeding that of diamond is described in this paper, and a process for preparing such product which comprises combining carbon and nitrogen at a pressure of 120,000 to 800,000 atmosphere and a temperature of 1000-3000 °C is described.
Abstract: A cubic form of C3N4 with a zero-pressure bulk modulus exceeding that of diamond Also a process for preparing such product which comprises combining carbon and nitrogen at a pressure of 120,000 to 800,000 atmosphere and a temperature of 1000-3000 °C Carbon particles may be immersed in liquid nitrogen and the mixture heated by a laser beam followed by quenching
1,016 citations
TL;DR: The ultrastructure of the tissue was well preserved in a narrow surface layer only and the best results were obtained with 2% osmium tetroxide in acetone at −85°C.
Abstract: A method for rapid freezing is described in which use is made of the good heat conducting properties of silver. The freezing was accomplished by bringing the tissue in contact with a polished silver surface at the temperature of liquid nitrogen either at atmospheric or reduced pressure. Helium gas flowing over this surface prevented the condensation of water or air on the silver. After freezing the tissue was placed in a substituting solvent. The best results were obtained with 2% osmium tetroxide in acetone at −85°C. The ultrastructure of the tissue was well preserved in a narrow surface layer only.
367 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, three kinds of paramagnetic centers named PA, PB and PC have been found in a silicon-silicon dioxide structure at liquid nitrogen temperature, and the distribution of PB is successfully determined that it has the maximum concentration within about 400A from the interface.
Abstract: Three kinds of paramagnetic centers named PA, PB and PC have been found in a silicon-silicon dioxide structure at liquid nitrogen temperature. PA (g=~2.000, ΔH=~4 Oe), and PB having anisotropic g-value (g=~2.000~2.010, ΔH=~6 Oe) are in the exide, while PC which also has anisotropic g-value (g=~2.06~2.07, ΔH=~9 Oe) is in the silicon near the Si-SiO2 interface. Distribution of PB is successfully determined that it has the maximum concentration within about 400A from the interface. PA and PB appear when the silicon is oxidized in dry oxidizing ambient or the Si-SiO2 is cooled from elevated temperatures to room temperature with a cooling speed of about 500°C/sec. PC appears when the Si-SiO2 is heated at elevated temperatures followed by rapid cooling to room temperature or is exposed to the ambient containing an appreciable amount of hydrogen at elevated temperatures such as 1000°C, for 10 min. PB is ascribed to a trivalent silicon \overset\shortmid\underset\shortmid-Si which has a nonbonding orbital electron in the Si-O network. The mechanisms for the various behaviors of the centers are also discussed in detail.
326 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a computer simulation for a homonuclear diatomic molecular liquid by "molecular dynamics" has been carried out using an "atom-atom" potential for five densities and a range of temperatures corresponding to liquid nitrogen from the triple point to critical point.
Abstract: A computer simulation for a homonuclear diatomic molecular liquid by ‘molecular dynamics’ has been carried out using an ‘atom-atom’ intermolecular potential for five densities and a range of temperatures, corresponding to liquid nitrogen from the triple point to the critical point. Excellent agreement with experiment is found for the thermodynamic properties, for the structure factor and for self-diffusion. The more subtle properties such as orientational correlation functions are less well reproduced and show that the ‘atom-atom’ potential is probably a better representation of the true intermolecular potential for nitrogen at short than at long distances. The orientational distribution functions are investigated in some detail and will be useful for comparison with analytical results.
326 citations