scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Liquid paraffin published in 1978"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is reported here that under the experimental conditions, sperm penetration into human eggs can occur much faster than previously reported.
Abstract: The timing of sperm penetration through the zona peliucida, and fertilization of human eggs had received little attention in the literature. Edwards et al. (1969) inseminated eggs matured in vitro with ejaculated spermatozoa which had been washed and found that spermatozoa did not penetrate the anna pellucida earlier than 7 h after insemination. A similar time interval between insemination and anna penetration by spermatozoa has been reported by others (Bavister et al., 1969; Overstreet and Hembree, 1976). This time interval has been considered to represent the time required for sperm capacitation, acrosome reaction and passage of the reacted spermatozoa through the zona pellucida (Austin, 1969; Austin et al., 1973). We report here that under our experimental conditions, sperm penetration into human eggs can occur much faster than previously reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immature oocytes were collected at laparoscopy by flushing ovarian follicles with Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline supplemented with 556 mM glucose and 0.1% bovine serum albumin. The recovery rate and criteria used for selection of viable oocytes were as reported by Lopata and coworkers (1974). The selected oocytes were thoroughly rinsed with the same buffer and transferred into 0.2 ml of a culture medium under liquid paraffin in a plastic petri dish. The culture medium was Ham’s F-b supplemented with 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 10 mM sodium lactate, penicillin G (100 units/mi) and 15% heat-inactivated human serum. The oocytes were incubated for 2 days at 37#{176}C under 5% CO2 in air. When examined at the end of incubation, the follicle cells that were originally surrounding each oocyte were found as a compact cell mass attached to an almost naked oocyte. The oocytes were mechanically freed from the follicle cell mass and then washed twice with BWW medium (Biggers et al., 1971), supplemented with 15% heat-inactivated human serum and placed in 0.2 ml of fresh, BWW medium (serum-supplemented) under paraffin oil in a petri dish. Freshly ejaculated spermatozoa were washed 3 times with BWW medium by centrifugation (1,000 rpm for 10 mm each) and added to the droplet containing the oocytes. The final concentration of spermatozoa in the droplet was about 5 X io spermatozoa/mI. The dish was incubated at 37#{176}C Accepted January 20, 1978. Received November 10, 1977. under 5% CO2 in air. Two oocytes, selected at random, were removed from the dish at 2, 4 or 7 h after insemination (total number of oocytes studied = 6) and were fixed in 5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed with 2% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in graded ethanol and embedded in an epon-araldite mixture. The oocytes were studied using both light and transmission electron microscopy for signs of zona penetration and fertilization.

61 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated physicochemical factors that affect such an enhancing effect and found that the effect was not related to the transmissibility of light through the thin layer but to the properties of the spraying reagent (polarity, viscosity and acidity).

37 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Peter Glatz1
TL;DR: Time-resolved polarization measurements were used to calculate the coefficient of diffusion of this probe in human crythrocyte ghost membranes on the basis of a diffusion theory of limited rotation.

27 citations


Patent
14 Feb 1978
TL;DR: A composition for a solid writing material and a writing implement is defined in this paper, which consists of: (i) at least one of dibenzylidene sorbitol and derivatives thereof, (ii) esters of a mono-saturated fatty acid having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and (iii) a mono saturated aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
Abstract: A composition for a solid writing material and a writing implement, the composition comprising: (i) at least one of dibenzylidene sorbitol and derivatives thereof and tribenzylidene sorbitol and derivatives thereof, (ii) at least one of (a) esters of a mono-saturated fatty acid having 10 to 20 carbon atoms and a mono-saturated aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and (b) a mixture of the ester or esters and at least one liquid paraffin, (iii) a resin component, (iv) a coloring agent, and (v) an organic solvent.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A technique of immersion refractometry has been employed to compare the rates at which four species of nematodes lose water during desiccation at 0% r.h, and Ditylenchus dipsaci revived from ‘wool’ showed a marked decrease in ability to control water loss when compared with freshly extracted worms.
Abstract: SUMMARY A technique of immersion refractometry has been employed to compare the rates at which four species of nematodes lose water during desiccation at 0% r.h. Panagrellus redivivus and Ditylenchus myceliophagus showed little ability to control water loss, although in the latter species coiling helped slow the rate of drying. Ditylenchus dipsaci and Anguina tritici exhibited a much greater degree of control over water loss during desiccation, A. tritici being more successful. D. dipsaci revived from ‘wool’ showed a marked decrease in ability to control water loss when compared with freshly extracted worms. The results obtained have been compared with those from work using interference microscopy, and a critical assessment of the liquid paraffin technique is presented.

21 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results showed that both hypertrophy and hyperplasia occur in turpentine-treated hamster cheek pouch epithelium, showing that at the histological level stereological techniques can be employed to detect quantitative similarities and differences between normal and pathological epithelia.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1978-Lung
TL;DR: Treatment with scheduled coughing spells and expectoration alone proved to be as effective for the expectoration of mineral oil as supporting treatment with various expectorants given orally and in the form of aerosols.
Abstract: In a case of mineral oil pneumonia, the amount of liquid paraffin expectorated daily was measured for 233 days during an observation period of 17 months with a gas-liquid chromatographic technique. This amount ranged from 4. 1 mg to 79. 5 mg daily, with a total of 7. 27 g. Treatment with scheduled coughing spells and expectoration alone (7 times/day for 10 min each) proved to be as effective for the expectoration of mineral oil as supporting treatment with various expectorants given orally and in the form of aerosols. The chemical results, correlated to follow-up pulmonary function studies, indicate normalization of the initial, severely restricted function. These results indicate that scheduled coughing spells and expectoration can improve the prognosis of patients with chronic mineral oil pneumonia.

16 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The development of Day-5 embryos varied between years with SOF being superior in 1976 but with no differences between media in 1977 and Day-3 embryos developed more readily than those in EPBS or EPBS under paraffin and were more viable in recipient animals.

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, temperature-programmed gas chromatographic analysis on columns packed with Apiezon L as stationary phase is shown to be the best method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of simple and complex hydrocarbon mixtures.

12 citations


Patent
08 Sep 1978
TL;DR: In this article, a stable aqueous suspension pesticide composition preservable for a long time, prepared by finely dispersing an active solid pesticide constituent having a water-solubility ≤ 1wt% with a surfactant having an HLB≤5, and polyvinyl alcohol as essential constituents in water.
Abstract: PURPOSE: A stable aqueous suspension pesticide composition preservable for a long time, prepared by finely dispersing an active solid pesticide constituent having a water-solubility ≤1wt% with a surfactant having an HLB≤5, and polyvinyl alcohol as essential constituents in water. CONSTITUTION: (A) An active pesticide constituent having a water-solubility ≤1wt%, which is a solid at normal temperature, is mixed with proper amounts of (B) a surfactant having an HLB≤5, e.g. a sorbitan alkylate, (C) polyvinyl alcohol, (D) ethylene glycol, and (E) liquid paraffin as essential constituents, and the mixture is finely divided with water in a sand mill to give an easily water- thinnable aqueous suspension pesticide composition preservable for a long time without coarsening or settling of particles. The amounts of constituents (B), (C), (D), and (D) are 0.5W5.0wt%, 0.5W5.0wt%, 5W30wt%, and 5W30wt% respectively. COPYRIGHT: (C)1980,JPO&Japio

9 citations


Patent
20 Oct 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, the title composition is writtenable on a nonpermeable surface, and erasable easily, comprising (A) an organic solvent, (B) a dyestuff, (C) a liquid release agent, (D) a resin soluble in (A), and (E) a specific wax.
Abstract: PURPOSE: The title composition writable on a nonpermeable surface, and erasable easily, comprising (A) an organic solvent, (B) a dyestuff, (C) a liquid release agent, a resin soluble in (A), and its mixture with (B), slightly soluble or insoluble in (B), and (D) a specific wax CONSTITUTION: A composition comprising (A) 40W90wt% of an organic solvent, eg MIBK or ethly acetate, (B) 1W10wt% of a dyestuff, (C) 2W25wt% of a slightly volatile or nonvolatile liquid release agent, eg a higher fatty acid ester, phthalic diester, glycol, or liquid paraffin, having a lower vapor pressure than (A), and (D) 05W20wt% of a resin soluble in (A) and its mixture with (C) and slightly soluble or insoluble in (C), eg PVB or VC-VAC copolymer, and (E) 005W15wt% of one or more types of waxes selected from paraffin and microcrystalline waxes, low-molecular PE having a molecular weight of 1,000W10,000, and ceresine COPYRIGHT: (C)1980,JPO&Japio

Patent
13 Apr 1978
TL;DR: A typical compsn. comprised an ointment containing salicyclic acid 1g, betamethasone 0.04g, glycol, and polyethyleneglycol stearate 18g, polyoxyethylene lauropalmitostearic glyceride 3g, liquid paraffin 8g, sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.ug and demineralised water to 100g.
Abstract: Dermatological compsn. contains as active constituents salicylic acid and >=1 corticosteroids together with a diluent. Used in topical treatment of dermatoses. The steroid is potentiated by salicylic acid. A typical compsn. comprised an ointment containing salicyclic acid 1g, betamethasone 0.04g, glycol, and polyethyleneglycol stearate 18g, polyoxyethylene lauropalmitostearic glyceride 3g, liquid paraffin 8g, sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.ug and demineralised water to 100g.


Patent
28 Apr 1978
TL;DR: In this article, a poultice having porper softness, visco-elasticity, and stickness is prepared by dissolving an A-B-A type unvulcanized elastic block copolymer in oils, fats or higher fatty acids, adding drug component and water to the solution, emulsifying with an emulsifier, and solidifying the composition.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To prepare poultice having porper softness, visco-elasticity, and stickness, by dissolving an A-B-A type unvulcanized elastic block copolymer in oils, fats or higher fatty acids, adding drug component and water to the solution, emulsifying with an emulsifier, and solidifying the composition. CONSTITUTION: The objective poultice is prepared by (1) dissolving (A) 5W20%, pref. 11W30% (based on the final preparation) of an A-B-A type unvulcanized elastic block copolymer composed of polystyrene, polymethylene, etc. as the A block, and polybutadiene, polyisoprene, etc. as the B block, wherein the weight ratio of the A block in the whole polymer composition is 10W50%, in (B) 5W60% of oils, e.g. vegetable oil such as almond oil, olive oil, etc., higher fatty acids such as oleic acid, etc., or paraffin oils such as liquid paraffin, (2) emulsifying the solution to a W/O emulsion by adding (C) 1W10% of an emulsifier such as sorbitan monolaruate, (D) 1W10% of a drug component, such as methyl salicylate, l- menthol, etc., and (E) 9W79% of water, and (3) spreading the composition on a substrate and solidifying by cooling. COPYRIGHT: (C)1979,JPO&Japio

Patent
31 Oct 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose to add liquid paraffin and/or polysiloxane to the solution of a rubber modified thermoplastic resin, thereafter recovering the polymer.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare a resin composition having improved impact resistance, gloss, etc., by adding liquid paraffin and/or a polysiloxane to the solution of a rubbermodified thermoplastic resin, thereafter recovering the polymer.

Patent
25 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this article, an elastomer of a structure of A-B-A (wherein the content of A block is 15W65%) composed of a hard polymer A such as styrene (T g ≥70°C, average molecular weight = 1,000W100,000) and a soft polymer B such as butadiene (t g = -50W+30°C), was dissolved in an oily substance which is compatible with the B block and incompatible with the A block, and is liquid at room temperature, e.g. liquid paraffin
Abstract: PURPOSE: To prepare a poultice having excellent flexibility and adhesivity to the skin, and good aging stability and form stability, free from hardening by the evaporation of water from the substrate, by compounding an analgesic antiphlogistic agent for external application, with a substrate composed of a W/O-type water- containing gel of a teleblock copolymer and an oil component. CONSTITUTION: An elastomer of a structure of A-B-A (wherein the content of A block is 15W65%) composed of a hard polymer A such as styrene (T g ≥70°C, average molecular weight = 1,000W100,000) and a soft polymer B such as butadiene (T g = -50W+30°C; average molecular weight = 4,500W1,000,000), is dissolved in an oily substance which is compatible with the B block and incompatible with the A block, and is liquid at room temperature, e.g. liquid paraffin, at 80W170°C. The weight ratio of the elastomer to the oily substance is 5W30 to 100. An O/W-type emulsion of an analgesic agent for external application, such as l-menthol, dl-camphor, etc., is added to the solution in the presence of an emulsifying agent to obtain a W/O-type emulsion containing 5W70%, preferably 10W60% of water droplets emulsified in a continuous oil phase. It is cooled and gelled at room temperature to obtain the objective poultice. COPYRIGHT: (C)1979,JPO&Japio

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the amounts of reaction products of tocopherols during the thermal oxidation in liquid paraffin were followed under different conditions, and it was assumed that the protecting effect of lecithin was achieved by the interaction of Toc and their dimers with leCithin.
Abstract: The amounts of reaction products of tocopherols (Toc) during the thermal oxidation in liquid paraffin were followed under different conditions. Most of them were the reducing dimers already reported by us.The oxidation of Toc at 180°C gave only a trace of the dimers, but respectable amounts of intact Toc and the dimers were present when oxidized at 150°C. However, the treatment at 180°C in the presence of lecithin caused a much sharper increase of a residual ratio of intact Toc and the reducing dimers, and their stability increased with the increase of the concentration of lecithin, suggesting that lecithin markedly inhibited the thermal oxidation of Toc and the reducing dimers.It may safely be assumed that the protecting effect of lecithin was achieved by the interaction of Toc and their dimers with lecithin.

Journal ArticleDOI
H.B. Silver1
TL;DR: Corrosion tests carried out on blends of load carrying additives in liquid paraffin showed that these were not more corrosive than the neat oil; indeed, in some cases a measure of protection was given as discussed by the authors.

Patent
19 Apr 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, a soft and easily removable plaster having moderate stickness and adhesivity was prepared by spreading a substrate with a composition composed of an uncured block copolymer elastomer and a drug component dissolved in an oil or higher fatty acid.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To prepare a soft and easily removable plaster having moderate stickness and adhesivity, by spreading a substrate with a composition composed of an uncured block copolymer elastomer and a drug component dissolved in an oil or higher fatty acid. CONSTITUTION: A plaster composition of (I) 5W35%, pref. 15W25%of an A-B-A type uncured block copolyer elastomer consisting of (A) 10W50% of a non-elastic thermoplastic polymer block such a styrene, methyl styrene, etc., and (B) 90W50% of conjugated diene elastic polymer block such as polybutadiene, polyisoprene, etc., (II) 45W95%, pref. 60W80% of an oil component, e.g. olive oil, liquid paraffin, higher fatty acid such as oleic acid, etc., and (III) 0.05W20%, pref. 5W15%, of a drug component. COPYRIGHT: (C)1979,JPO&Japio

Patent
19 Jul 1978
TL;DR: In this article, an acrylic synthetic fiber is produced by dispersing 0.04-10 pts (wt) of a liquid paraffin mixed with 0.01-3pts of titanium dioxide in an inorganic solvent solution of an AN-based polymer, and spinning the dispersion.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To suppress the precipitation and deposition of titanium dioxide to the face of filter and the clogging of spinning nozzle, by dispersing a liquid paraffin containing titanium dioxide in an inorganic solvent solution of an AN-based polymer, and spinning the dispersion. CONSTITUTION:An acrylic synthetic fiber is produced by dispersing 0.04-10 pts.(wt.) of a liquid paraffin mixed with 0.01-3pts. of titanium dioxide in an inorganic solvent solution of 100pts. of an acrylonitrile polymer and spinning the dispersion. The troubles caused by the precipitation and deposition of titanium dioxide to the filter or spinneret during the filtration or spinning of a spinning dope can be eliminated. The solvent can be easily recovered to decrease the pollution of the industrial waste water.

Patent
11 Aug 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixture of coal or petroleum pitch such as usual soft pitch or medium pitch, or heavy oil such as asphalt is mixed with a softening point raising agent such as nitrobenzene, a viscosity regulating agent, such as naphthalene, and a void formation preventing agent (LPA) such as liquid paraffin.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To manufacture spherical carbon or spherical activated carbon from low mp raw material such as low mp pitch by mixing the raw material with a softening point raising agent, a viscosity regulating agent, etc after which the mixt is heated to a high temp to raise the softening point, molded, subjected to solvent extraction, made infusible, and further activated CONSTITUTION: Coal or petroleum pitch such as usual soft pitch or medium pitch, or heavy oil such as asphalt is mixed with a softening point raising agent such as nitrobenzene, a viscosity regulating agent such as naphthalene, and a void formation preventing agent such as liquid paraffin This mixt is heated to 150W350°C to raise the softening point and formed into a spherical shape eg by rapid agitation in hot water contg a suspending agent The spheres are then subjected to solvent extraction to selectively extract the viscosity regulating agent, and they are made infusible with an oxidizing agent such as O 2 at below 400°C and calcined at above 600°C in an inert atmosphere to produce desired spherical carbon By activating the carbon with an activator based on O 2 or steam, spherical activated carbon can be obtd easily COPYRIGHT: (C)1980,JPO&Japio

Patent
23 Feb 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, a coaxially integrated sheath-core-type lipstick was proposed. But it was not suitable for women's skin conditions and it required high viscosity at 36°C and low viscous oleaginous base at high viscosity.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a lipstick having sheath-core structure, having soft and light touch, and good spreadability and capable of protecting the lips with uniformly adhered layer, composed of a core and a sheath having different compositions each other. CONSTITUTION: A coaxially integrated sheath-core-type lipstick. The oleaginous base of one of the component is composed of (a) 53-85 wt% of a low-viscosity base having a viscosity of ≤80 cp at 36°C (e.g. liquid paraffin, squalane, isopropyl palmitate, etc.) and (b) 15-47 wt% of a base which is solid at 36°C (e.g. beeswax); and that of the other component is composed of (a') 40-90 wt% of viscous oleaginous base having a viscosity of ≥200 cp at 36°C and (b') 10-60 wt% of a solid oleaginous base. COPYRIGHT: (C)1979,JPO&Japio


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this laboratory, a weaker formalin is used in the first fixative solution than the 20 %Y formalin recommended by Kaiserling, and a higher concentration of sodium acetate and a stronger solution of glycerol in the third, final, preservative solution, in which the specimens are mounted, gives better results than the strengths he advised.
Abstract: Since the introduction of colour preservation methods for the mounting of pathological specimens at the end of the nineteenth century, numerous modifications have been advocated, but there has been little real improvement on the original method of Kaiserling (1900). This is still by far the most satisfactory method, but the process is largely an art in which the selection of a particular recipe depends very much on individual preference and custom. In this laboratory we have used a weaker formalin in the first fixative solution than the 20 %Y formalin recommended by Kaiserling. We have also found that a higher concentration of sodium acetate and a stronger solution of glycerol in the third, final, preservative solution, in which the specimens are mounted, gives better results than the strengths he advised. The stronger glycerol solution provides the optimal density for use with the Perspex jars that are now invariably used for mounting specimens. Useful as this method has proved, provided the material supplied is fresh and properly displayed, we have encountered a number of difficulties. One has been a tendency for the specimen to shrink, and another for large specimens of skin to become translucent. The greatest drawback, however, has been the tendency for pigments, such as haemoglobin, bilirubin, melanin, and lipochromes, to seep out of the specimen into the preservative solution, which becomes progressively discoloured. This necessitates a changing of the fluid, in some instances repeatedly within the span of a few months, over a period of many years. Not only is this a waste of preservative fluid, but even more serious is the gradual loss of the specimen's distinctive colour so that it becomes dull and nondescript. The organs especially susceptible to such loss of coloration are the liver, gallbladder, spleen, and kidneys, as well as tissues bearing pigmented tumours. To obviate this

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the load carrying properties of aqueous solutions of polyhydroxy compounds and their oil-solvers in mineral oil were investigated, ranging from ethylene glycol to sucrose.

Patent
13 Apr 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, an insecticidal or fungicidal component having a vapor pressure of ≤ 1 mmHg at 20°C is mixed with an organic compound having a boiling point of ≥100°C and a vapor profile higher than that of the above insecticidal component, and the mixture is impregnated to a carrier such as activated charcoal, etc.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To prepare the title fumigant having high heat stability, by supporting an insecticidal or fungicidal component together with an organic compound having higher vapor pressure than the component to a carrier. CONSTITUTION: An insecticidal or fungicidal component having a vapor pressure of ≤1 mmHg at 20°C, e.g. allethrin, etc., is mixed with an organic compound having a boiling point of ≥100°C and a vapor pressure higher than that of the above insecticidal or fungicidal component, e.g. liquid paraffin, and the mixture is impregnated to a carrier such as activated charcoal, etc. EFFECT: Improved effective fuming efficiency. COPYRIGHT: (C)1979,JPO&Japio

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Methyltin S-tris- and dimethyltins S-bis(2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate) (I and II) were prepared from methane stannoic acid and dimethylltin oxide, respectively, and their antioxidative activities for mineral oils have been evaluated as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Methyltin S-tris- and dimethyltin S-bis(2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate) (I and II) were prepared from methane stannoic acid and dimethyltin oxide, respectively, and their antioxidative activities for mineral oils have been evaluated. Synergism between I or II and 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT) or phenothiazine (PA) was also examined. Two methods were adopted for this purpose. One was the measurement of time required for the peroxide value to reach 10 (oxidative induction period) as dry air was bubbled under atmospheric pressure through 50g of base oil (liquid paraffin) with 1mmol/kg of additive concentration at 170°C or 180°C, and the other was the measurement of time required for a difinite amount of oxygen to be taken up by 50ml of base oil (150# neutral oil, additive concentration 0.05-1.0wt%) in a rotary bomb in the presence of 5g of water and 3m of copper wire (RBOT method).By the former method, I and II showed much more excellent antioxidative activity than the standard BHT and PA and a remarkable synergism with BHT (Table 1). These properties were also revealed even at low additive concentration levels (0.2-1mmol/kg) (Table 2). However, only very low activity and no remarkable synergism with BHT and PA were observed by the RBOT method (Table 3). This phenomenon was considered to be due to the hydrolysis of I and II to some inert substances such as methane stannoic acid and dimethyltin oxide which might undergo undesirable reactions with BHT or PA to diminish their antioxidative activities.Organotin compounds have been widely recognized as excellent stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) involving several different functions9) for stabilization. Meanwhile, it might be suggested that dialkyltin dilaurates or dialkyltin bisalkylthioglycolates behave also as radical scavengers in the stabilization of PVC9). From the comparison of the antioxidative activities of tetraphenyltin, PA, and BHT2), organotin compounds which contain only alkyl or aryl-Sn bonds seemed to exhibit lower activities than PA and BHT. Therefore, it was considered that the more excellent activities of I and II than those of PA and BHT observed in this work stemmed from the existence of mercaptoester groups which were bonded with an S-Sn linkage. I and II were also found to behave as peroxide decomposer (Fig. 1) in this work. Zinc dicyclohexyl dithiophosphate (DTPZn) and dilauryl thiodipropionate (TPL) which are generally recognized as peroxide decomposers showed only low activities when they were used without other kinds of antioxidants under the conditions adopted in this work (Table 1). From the consideration of these facts, the excellent activities of I and II were assumed to be based on the effects of two processes, radical scavenging and hydroperoxide decomposing, taking place simultaneously in the antioxidative process of mineral oils.