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Showing papers on "Liquid paraffin published in 1984"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the reaction rate constants for various hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) reactions in the presence of an inert paraffin liquid are very similar to those for the same reactions in liquid phase, although the liquid tends to equalize the adsorptivities of the various N-compounds present.
Abstract: Studies over a commercial NiMo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalyst at 350, 375, and 390/sup 0/C and 6.9 MPa using quinoline or various intermediate reaction products showed that the reaction rate constants for the various hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) reactions in the presence of an inert paraffin liquid are very similar to those for the same reactions in the vapor phase, although the liquid tends to equalize the adsorptivities of the various N-compounds present. Over a wide range, for a specified pressure and temperature, the percent conversion as a function of contact time is remarkably similar for liquid- and vapor-phase processing. In both cases, the overall HDN reaction is essentially zero order under the conditions studied. Equilibrium between quinoline and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline is rapidly attained in both vapor-phase and liquid-phase processing. Homogeneous reactions were negligible except for the hydrogenation of quinoline to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline.

92 citations


Patent
21 Nov 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, a cylindrical pipe, made of a plastic material, with an outer jacket that is provided with a wax, stearin or imitation wax coating, is mounted exchangeably inside the pipe.
Abstract: The invention relates to a candle-shaped luminary, primarily intended for use in churches, chapels and other places of worship, which includes a cylindrical pipe, preferably made of a plastic material, with an outer jacket that is provided with a wax, stearin or imitation wax coating. A container of liquid fuel, preferably liquid wax or liquid paraffin, with a wick that extends from the upper side of the container through a wick-guiding tube, is mounted exchangeably inside the pipe. The exchangeable container is provided with an upper cover which corresponds to the width of the pipe, which abuts seamlessly against or on the upper edge of the pipe after the fuel is inserted, resulting in the exact image of the upper front area of a natural candle.

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
S. Ohgaki, Y. Tsunoda1
TL;DR: In this article, the growth characteristics of positive impulse surface discharges using a pointplane electrode geometry in oil have been studied using schlieren optics and a special probe was used for the measurement of the voltage drop across the streamer.
Abstract: The growth characteristics of positive impulse surface discharges using a point-plane electrode geometry in oil have been studied using schlieren optics and a special probe was used for the measurement of the voltage drop across the streamer. The experiments are made in growth lengths up to, approximately 4 cm. The growth characteristics are discussed in conjunction with the probe measurements. We examine mechanisms for the continuous reduction of the potential gradient in the streamer channel as the tip grows, and then propose a new model for streamer growth, adding some findings on light emission in the channel.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two methods of microencapsulation of amoxicillin, an orally administered antibiotic, were studied and a nomogram was made using pharmacokinetic parameters obtained after administration of a conventional formulation to establish a suitable design and for the evaluation of the sustained release microcapsules.
Abstract: Two methods of microencapsulation of amoxicillin, an orally administered antibiotic, were studied. One is based on dispersion of gelatin-amoxicillin mixture in liquid paraffin followed by drying and hardening with formalin-isopropanol treatment; the other is based on dispersion of ethylcellulose—amoxicillin mixture in purified water containing sodium lauryl benzene sulphonate. The microcapsules were recovered as discrete, free-flowing fine granules with a particle diameter of about 250–1000 μm. Dissolution of amoxicillin from ethylcellulose microcapsules was suppressed considerably with a zero-order dissolution pattern in solutions of various pH. Gastric-emptying-controlled rabbits were used for the in vivo evaluation of gelatin and ethylcellulose microcapsules. The ethylcellulose microcapsule containing 25 per cent amoxicillin showed a significantly sustained release pattern of amoxicillin. To establish a suitable design and for the evaluation of the sustained release microcapsules, a nomogram wa...

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
K Koga1, T Sato1, T. Ootaki1
01 Sep 1984-Planta
TL;DR: Genetic analyses indicate that the negativePhototropism of the pil mutant is governed by the phenotypic characteristics of pil but not by specific gene(s) responsible for negative phototropism.
Abstract: The sporangiophore (spph) of a piloboloid mutant, genotype pil, of Phycomyces ceases elongation and expands radially in the growth zone shortly after reaching the developmental stage IV b. The pil spph is always negatively phototropic to unilateral visible light when its diameter exceeds 210 μm. Photoinduction of spph initiation, light-growth response, threshold of light energy fluence rate for the negative phototropism, avoidance and gravitropism in the pil mutant are all normal. In liquid paraffin, the pil spph shows negative phototropism as does the wild-type spph. Genetic analyses indicate that the negative phototropism of the pil mutant is governed by the phenotypic characteristics of pil but not by specific gene(s) responsible for negative phototropism. These facts imply that the reverse phototropism of the pil mutant results from a loss of the convergent lens effect of the cell because of the increase in cell diameter.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1984-BJUI
TL;DR: In a 1-year register, retained urinary catheters were encountered on 23 occasions and in vitro tests showed that 2 ml of ether or chloroform injected through the inflation channel of catheter balloons caused disruption within a few seconds but liquid paraffin took over 20 min, leaving an unacceptable amount of debris.
Abstract: In a 1-year register, retained urinary catheters were encountered on 23 occasions. In vitro tests showed that 2 ml of ether or chloroform injected through the inflation channel of catheter balloons caused disruption within a few seconds but liquid paraffin took over 20 min, leaving an unacceptable amount of debris. A new method of removal using diagnostic ultrasound to identify the balloon of the retained catheter is described, together with suggestions for removal of retained catheters occurring under different circumstances.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pooled human plasma (JHB 001) was employed as the inoculum, which was positive for HBsAg, HBeAg and DNA polymerase, and neutralized by dilution in 200 ml of saline solution to determine the susceptibility of HB virus to heat.

17 citations


Patent
11 May 1984
TL;DR: Aromatic hydrocarbon impurities are removed from a liquid paraffin containing the same by contacting the paraffIN in the liquid phase at relatively low temperatures with an X-type zeolite molecular sieve material as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbon impurities are removed from a liquid paraffin containing the same by contacting the liquid paraffin in the liquid phase at relatively low temperatures with an X-type zeolite molecular sieve material. The contacting is performed without recycle and purified liquid paraffin containing less than about 0.01% by weight aromatics is obtained.

15 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Six cases of oral intoxication with lindane-solvent mixtures are reviewed and Diazepam was sufficient to control convulsions in five cases and recovery was complete in all patients.
Abstract: Six cases of oral intoxication with lindane-solvent mixtures are reviewed. The ingested doses of lindane (mean dosage 120 mg/kg +/- 86 mg/kg) and benzene (mean dosage 366 mg/kg +/- 93 mg/kg) exceeded the toxic level. Symptoms (vomiting, dizziness and hyperreflexia) occurred within 30 min and all patients had epileptiform seizures. Two patients suffered from pulmonary edema and one of them had a severe rhabdomyolysis. Diazepam was sufficient to control convulsions in five cases. Gastric lavage was performed in five patients and activated charcoal, liquid paraffin with saline cathartic, and cholestyramine were used as adsorbents. Recovery was complete in all patients.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Significant differences were found to exist between pressure‐volume curves for three groups of animals of different weight and the biphasic shape of the elastance‐pressure curve is discussed, and explanations for the shape are suggested.
Abstract: This study has investigated changes in intra-articular hydrostatic pressure in the knee joints of normal dogs in response to continuous and stepwise infusions of fluids. The relationship between pressure and volume in the joint was examined over the pressure range of -8 to +50 mmHg, and also at much higher pressures often associated with joint disease or injury. The effects of joint angle and dog weight on the pressure-volume relationship and on elastance of the dogs' knees were also examined. With liquid paraffin B.P. the pressure was found to increase more with each unit volume infused at subatmospheric pressures than at pressures around atmospheric, and increased more again at higher pressures. The pressure-volume curve with saline infusions was affected by egress of fluid from the joint at supra-atmospheric pressure. Above +5 mmHg the rise in pressure per unit volume infused was less than that for paraffin at the same volume. Elastance and compliance of the normal joint capsule were calculated from the pressure-volume data. Elastance was high at subatmospheric pressures, decreased rapidly as atmospheric pressure was approached and rose as a linear function of pressure above 12 mmHg. The biphasic shape of the elastance-pressure curve is discussed, and explanations for the shape are suggested. After intra-articular pressure in the knee was raised by infusion of paraffin oil the joint was moved through the range of positions from 125 deg extension to 50 deg flexion. Intra-articular pressure did not change across the range 125-110 deg. However, increasing the angle of flexion from 110 to 50 deg resulted in a rise in pressure which became steeper for each volume increment. Increasing intra-articular fluid volume caused a decrease in the total range of movement of the joint. The pressure-volume curves measured at extended angles of 110, 125 and 140 deg, where the starting pressures were subatmospheric, were the same. At flexed joint positions of 80 and 50 deg, where the starting pressures were supra-atmospheric, the pressure-volume curves became steeper with greater flexion. Elastance of the joint tissues increased with flexion. The elastance at each joint angle depended also on the volume or pressure. Significant differences were found to exist between pressure-volume curves for three groups of animals of different weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of intermolecular, exothermic charge transfer interactions is described, where a distance dependence on the unimolecular charge transfer rate constant k,(R) is observed in viscous solvents where transfer at longer distances than the collisional one can compete with dissociation of an encounter complex.
Abstract: A study of intermolecular, exothermic charge-transfer interactions is described. A distance dependence on the unimolecular charge-transfer rate constant k,,(R) is observed in viscous solvents where transfer at longer distances than the collisional one can compete with dissociation of an encounter complex. A comparative study of the quenching phenomena, occurring in a family of redox partners of aromatic esters and amines, was carried out in nonviscous solvents (hexane and acetonitrile) and viscous solvents (liquid paraffin/heptane mixtures and nonionic micelles of Triton X100). In the latter, the experimental reactional distances obtained are discussed in terms of effective distances R,ff, which are related to an average value of kct(Reff) for the reactant pair distribution function. A correlation of these distances with either the free activation energy, Act , or the diffusion coefficient D enables the estimation of an order of magnitude of parameters such as the average radii of donor and acceptor orbitals, L = (2.7 f 0.2) X cm, a preexponential factor at the collisional distance, k’,,(R,) = 3.7 X 10” d, an intrinsic reorganization parameter X = 0.64 eV, and an electronic matrix element V(Rc) N eV for the nonpolar media studied. An equation for kct(R), k,,(R) = koct(R,) exp[-2(R R,)/L] exp(-AG*/kB7+), derived within the framework of a semiclassical theory, is used to discuss these interactions as equally nonadiabatic reactions to which an extended Marcus formalism is applied.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Mycobacterium tuberculosis with liquid paraffin was investigated for particle size-weight distribution and a satisfactory response in the injected foot was found only when the particle size was less than 19 μm.
Abstract: Freund's complete adjuvant prepared by grinding dried, heat killedMycobacterium tuberculosis with liquid paraffin was investigated for particle size-weight distribution. Variations in the grinding times and preparative procedure had a marked effect on the arthritogenic action of the adjuvant in the rat. A satisfactory response in the injected foot was found only when the particle size was less than 19 μm and a secondary response in the non-injected foot required particles less than 10 μm in diameter.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the DLVO theory was applied to calculate the interaction force between two particles and to compare it with the gravitational force that exists between two adjacent particles of unequal sizes in a settling coarse suspension.

Patent
15 Jun 1984
TL;DR: In this article, a columnar container for the blood sample, a pump for causing the blood flow through a tube, whilst simultaneously stirring the blood, by displacing it with an immiscible liquid, such as liquid paraffin, and a needle (28) has a substantially parallel sided shank, and is mounted for movement to pierce a hole in both walls of the tube, substantially perpendicular to its surface.
Abstract: Apparatus for determining the haemostatic reaction of a blood sample comprises a columnar container (1) for the blood sample, a pump (12,13) for causing the blood sample to flow through a tube (16), whilst simultaneously stirring the blood, by displacing it with an immiscible liquid, such as liquid paraffin, and a needle (28) The needle (28) has a substantially parallel sided shank, and is mounted for movement to pierce a hole in both walls of the tube (16) substantially perpendicular to its surface. The back pressure in the tube is maintained at substantially the venous pressure. An optical system is provided for viewing the tube under magnification, so that the exact moment of cessation of bleeding can be determined. Thrombolytic activity can be measured, by ceasing blood flow in the tube when haemostasis occurs, and observing the decrease in pressure in the tube with time.

Patent
17 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to maintain a lubricating function having excellent long-term continuous durability by incorporating a fatty acid having a specific number or above of atoms and liquid paraffin as a lubricant, and a surface active agent of sulfonic or phosphoric ester in magnetic powder in manufacturing a flexible magnetic disk.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To maintain a lubricating function having excellent long-term continuous durability by incorporating a fatty acid having a specific number or above of atoms and liquid paraffin as a lubricant, and a surface active agent of sulfonic or phosphoric ester in magnetic powder in manufacturing a flexible magnetic disk. CONSTITUTION:Myristic acid, palmitic acid, etc. are used either alone or in combination as a fatty acid having >=12 carbon atoms. Liquid paraffin causes less exudation and is usable under conditions over a wide range. The content of said lubricants is preferably 0.5-3wt% of the magentic layer. A sulfuric or phosphonic ester surface active agent which is a hydrophilic group has itself hydroscopicity and is effective as an antistatic agent and with respect to wear resistance, said agent exhibits a lubricating effect under low moisture by lubicating wet the surface of the magnetic layer. The preferred content thereof is <=2%. The incorporation of the above-mentioned materials into the magnetic layer is accomplished by kneading said materials together with magnetic powder and a binder and forming the magnetic layer or mixing these materials and coating or spraying the mixture on the magnetic layer.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the release of three methylxanthines, i.e. caffeine, theobromine and theophylline, from suspensions in liquid paraffin to an aqueous phase was determined in an in vitro apparatus.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the possibility of using polyols as cosurfactants to increase oil solubilization in nonionic surfactant aqueous solutions was investigated, and the effect of polyols on micellar liquid crystalline phase was investigated.
Abstract: The possibility of using polyols as cosurfactants to increase oil solubilization in nonionic surfactant aqueous solutions was investigated. Diols were found to decrease the solubilization of liquid paraffin, but increase that of benzyl acetate, a perfume having a benzene ring. The effects of glycerol, D-sorbitol, and poly (ethylene glycerol), however, were found to be opposite to those shown by diols.Measurement of cloud point, critical micellization concentration (cmc), and interlayer spacing of the lamellar liquid crystalline phase suggested that, while diols form mixed micelles with nonionic surfactants and make the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) inclined to be more hydrophilic, glycerol, D-sorbitol, and poly (ethylene glycol) decrease the affinity between nonionic surfactants and water and caused HLB to take on a more hydrophobic nature. The cmc of docecyl hexa (oxyethylene) ether increased by the addition of diols and poly (ethylene glycol), but decreased on adding D-sorbitol. Glycerol had no significant effect on cmc.The primary soluble position of polyols in micellar aqueous solutions was suggested; i.e. diols dissolve between hydrophilic and lipophilic groups of surfactants, poly (ethylene glycol) in the oxyethylene chain part of micelles, glycerol and D-sorbitol in the water phase.

Patent
18 Dec 1984
TL;DR: In this article, a method of covering an abrasion of a glass container comprising coating said container with an aqueous dispersion of a coating material comprising the following components: (A) liquid paraffin; (B) at least one fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of sorbitan fatty acid Esters, polyoxyethylene, and higher alcohol fatty acids esters; and (C) sodium polyacrylate.
Abstract: A method of covering an abrasion of a glass container comprising coating said container with an aqueous dispersion of a coating material comprising the following components: (A) liquid paraffin; (B) at least one fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, glycerin fatty acid esters, and higher alcohol fatty acid esters; and (C) sodium polyacrylate, the amount of each of said components based on the amount by weight of said dispersion is as follows: (A) liquid paraffin: 1 to 25 percent; (B) fatty acid ester: in an amount up to 10 percent; (C) sodium polyacrylate: in an amount up to 5 percent

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the dodecyl amine salt of benzotriazole (ASBT) on the lubricity of liquid paraffin containing sulfurized olefin (SO) were investigated.
Abstract: Timken and Four-ball Machine tests were used to study the effects of the dodecyl amine salt of benzotriazole (ASBT) on the lubricity of liquid paraffin containing sulfurized olefin (SO). The wear rate and friction coefficient decreased in the presence of ASBT. The tribochemical reactions of both ASBT and SO were studied with the aid of modern physical techniques, such as AES, ESCA, IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Presented as an American Society of Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASLE/ASME Lubrication Conference in Hartford, Connecticut, October 18–20, 1983

Patent
28 Dec 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, a pasty oil in water type emulsion is obtained by mixing an aqueous phase component and an oil phase component, both of which are respectively prepared in a specific componential ratio, to preparatorily emulsify both components and subsequently homogenizing and emulsifying the resulting mixture under high pressure.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a pasty oil in water type emulsion rich in spreadability and easy to disperse in water, by mixing an aqueous phase component and an oil phase component, both of which are respectively prepared in a specific componential ratio, to preparatorily emulsify both components and subsequently homogenizing and emulsifying the resulting mixture under high pressure. CONSTITUTION:Lecithin is added to 25-55% of lipid (solid fat index; 40% or less at 10 deg.C) such as rapeseed oil or liquid paraffin on the basis of a final product in an amount of 0.4-5% based on lipid to prepare an oil phase component while protein such as casein or butter milk is added to 75-45% of water on the basis of the final product in an amount 5-11% based on water to prepare an aqueous phase. Both components are mixed and preparatorily emulsified and subsequently homogenized and emulsified under pressure of 400-900kg/cm while the emulsified composition is rapidly cooled to obtain a stable pasty oil in water type emulsion without using a thickener. This emulsion is rich in the recovery of structural viscosity, excellent in spreadability, generates no dripping and is easy to disperse in water and, therefore, is suitable for utilization as synthetic cream for foods or the base material of cosmetics or a drug.

Patent
13 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to obtain yarn with improved processing properties, frictional resistance, and wear resistance, having a flatness ratio of cross section of yarn of ≥ specific value, a great number of long channels arranged in the fiber axis direction on the surface, containing liquid paraffin having specific characteristics.
Abstract: PURPOSE: The titled yarn useful as a rope, etc., having improved processing properties, frictional resistance, and wear resistance, having a flatness ratio of cross section of yarn of ≥ specific value, a great number of long channels arranged in the fiber axis direction on the surface, containing liquid paraffin having specific characteristics. CONSTITUTION: Liquid paraffin is added to a solution obtained by dissolving ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene in decalin, etc., the solution is subjected to solution spinning, and the prepared gel fiber is drawn, to give the desired yarn having ≥1.7 flatness ratio of cross section of yarn, a great number of long channels arranged in the fiber axis direction, a liquid paraffin content (LP) in the yarn of 0.05≤LP≤1.00(wt%), ≥30(g/d) tensile strength, and ≥800(g/d) initial modulus of elasticity. COPYRIGHT: (C)1985,JPO&Japio

Patent
23 Aug 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a titled composition for hot-melt string with excellent workability, free from the problem of labor hygienics, and resistant to blocking during bending and storage, by compounding a copolymer with wax and liquid paraffin and/or process oil.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide the titled composition useful as a hot-melt string having excellent workability, free from the problem of labor hygienics, and resistant to blocking during bending and storage, by compounding SEBS and/or SBS with wax and liquid paraffin and/or process oil. CONSTITUTION:The objective composition is prepared by compounding (A) 100pts.wt. of a copolymer (SEBS) having polystyrene terminal block and poly (ethylene-butylene) intermediate block and/or a copolymer (SBS) having polystyrene terminal block and polybutadiene intermediate block with (B) 10- 100pts.wt. of a wax and (C) 10-1,000pts.wt. of liquid paraffin and/or process oil. The wax is e.g. a low-molecular polyethylene, microcrystalline wax, paraffin wax, etc. The addition of liquid paraffin improves the compatilibity of the base polymer and wax, and prevents the separation of both components in the spontaneous cooling stage after melting and mixing.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The emphasis should be more firmly based on education of the Asian mother away from use of surma instead of devising methods for testing for lead which may be misleading and, in the long term, are impractical.

Patent
13 Nov 1984
TL;DR: In this article, a guasi-drug useful as a component for cosmetic, shampoo, etc., having heat stability, showing improving effect on keratinization of the skin, by producing sodium montmorillonite urea complex, and blending it with various fats and oils and vitamins.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a guasi-drug useful as a component for cosmetic, shampoo, etc., having heat stability, showing improving effect on keratinization of the skin, by producing sodium montmorillonite urea complex, and blending it with various fats and oils and vitamins. CONSTITUTION:Water swelled gel material of sodium montmorillonite of substantially 6-8% gelatinous substance as a main component is incorporated with urea to give sodium montmorillonite urea complex, which is blended with an animal oil of mink, a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin, a tringlyceride such as an avocado oil, an olive oil, etc., and vitamins, mixed with a pyrrolidone carboxylic acid to make the pH of the blend into 5.0-6.0, so that an ointment wherein prepared sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate contribut-es as a wetting agent is obtained. EFFECT:The titled complex will not be fluidized after being subjected to a condition at 600-700 deg.C for >=500 hours, and plasticity of montmorillonite gel does not decrease at all.

Patent
09 Oct 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to obtain a hollow yarn membrane which has high gas exchange ability and is suitable for the artificial lungs by forming an approximately circular polyolefin hollow yarn yarn membrane the inside surface side of which is the dense layer of fine polyolefins and the outside surface side is a porous layer bound with the fine polyolesin particles in a chain state.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a hollow yarn membrane which has high gas exchange ability and is suitable for the artificial lungs by forming an approximately circular polyolefin hollow yarn membrane the inside surface side of which is the dense layer of fine polyolefin particles and the outside surface side of which is a porous layer bound with the fine polyolefin particles in a chain state. CONSTITUTION:The blend of polyolefin, an org. filler such as liquid paraffin and a crystal nucleus forming agent such as 1.3, 2.4-dibenzylidene sorbitol is melted and kneaded and thereafter the mixture is discharged from an annular spinning hole into air; at the same time an inert gas is introduced to the inside center to form a hollow material. The hollow material is brought into contact with a cooling and solidifying liquid and is taken up on a bobbin. The org. filler is extracted away by an extraction liquid. The resulted hollow yarn membrane 1 has approximately the circular shape whose inside diameter D is 150-300mum and the wall thickness T is 10-150mum. The inside surface side of the membrane is the relatively dense layer 2 and the outside surface side is the porous layer 3 bound with the fine polyolefin particles having about 0.01-1.0mum average grain size in a chain state. The fine through-holes are formed from the inside to the outside surface side.

Patent
09 Oct 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, a polyolefin hollow yarn membrane was used for the artificial lungs by forming a dense layer and an aggregate layer of fine independent particles to form fine through-holes.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a hollow yarn membrane which has high gas exchange ability, obviates plasma outflow even after long-term use and is suitable for the artificial lungs by forming an approximately circular polyolefin hollow yarn membrane the inside surface side of which is a dense layer and the outside surface side of which is an aggregate layer of fine independent particles to form fine through-holes. CONSTITUTION:The blend composed of polyolefin and org. filler such as liquid paraffin is melted and kneaded and thereafter the mixture is discharged from an annular spinning hole of a spinning device into air; at the same time, an inert gas is introduced to the inside center. The formed hollow material is brought into contact with a cooling and solidifying liquid and is then taken up on a bobbin. The org. filler is thereafter extracted away by an extraction liquid. The resulted hollow yarn membrane 1 has approximately the circular shape whose inside diameter D is 150-300mum and the wall thickness T is 10-150mum. The inside surface side of the membrane is the relatively dense layer 2 and the outside surface side is the aggregate layer 4 of the fine indepen dent particles 3 having 0.1-10mum average grain size. The fine through-holes are formed from the inside to the outside surface side.

Journal Article
TL;DR: There is a discrepancy between bactericidal activity and phagocytic activity among macrophages induced with various irritants in mice injected intraperitoneally with thioglycollate medium and Corynebacterium parvum.
Abstract: Cellular accumulation to the peritoneal cavity and modification of various functions of peritoneal macrophages were observed in mice injected intraperitoneally (ip) with thioglycollate medium (TG), liquid paraffin, proteose peptone and Corynebacterium parvum. The cellular composition of peritoneal exudates at 4 days after injection of irritants was almost the same in all the groups and the proportion of macrophages was increased approximately 4 times more than nontreated controls. The ability to kill Listeria monocytogenes and to generate chemiluminescence (CL) were augmented strongly in C. parvum-induced macrophages, while depressed in TG-induced macrophages. The activities of liquid paraffin- or proteose peptone-induced macrophages were almost the same as those in nontreated controls. However, the ability to phagocytose native sheep erythrocytes was greatly augmented both in C. parvum- and TG-induced macrophages. There is thus a discrepancy between bactericidal activity and phagocytic activity among macrophages induced with various irritants.

Patent
29 Aug 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided the titled composition for water-based ink having a specific viscosity, and capable of minimizing the adhesion of the ink to the inner wall of the container tube, by adding a gelation agent and a polyoxyethylene derivative to a hardly volatile or nonvolatile organic liquid.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide the titled composition for water-based ink having a specific viscosity, and capable of minimizing the adhesion of the ink to the inner wall of the ink-container tube, by adding a gelation agent and a polyoxyethylene derivative to a hardly volatile or nonvolatile organic liquid. CONSTITUTION: The objective composition for water-based ink and having a viscosity of 50W2,000cps at 25°C can be prepared by mixing (A) a hardly volatile or nonvolatile organic liquid selected from hydrocarbons (e.g. liquid paraffin) as the base, with (B) a gelation agent (e.g. fine filica powder) and/or (C) a polyoxyethylene derivative (e.g. polyoxyethylene lauryl ether). COPYRIGHT: (C)1986,JPO&Japio

Patent
17 Oct 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to produce spherical glass articles by dispersing an aqueous solvent solution of a metal alkoxide containing a small amount of hydrogen fluoride in a liquid or gaseous thermal medium to accelerate the hydrolysis of the alkoxide.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To manufacture a spherical glass article, easily, by dispersing an aqueous solvent solution of a metal alkoxide containing a small amount of hydrogen fluoride in a liquid or gaseous thermal medium to accelerate the hydrolysis of the alkoxide, and forming spherical glassy gel particles. CONSTITUTION:A metal alkoxide such as Si(OCH3)4, NaOCH3, etc. is dissolved in an aqueous medium such as hydrated methanol, etc., and a small amount (about 0.1-1mol per 1 mol of the metal alkoxide) of hydrogen fluoride is added to the solution. The obtained solution is dispersed in a liquid thermal medium (e.g. liquid paraffin) which is incompatible but dispersible with the solution, of the solution is sprayed and dispersed in a gaseous thermal medium. The hydrolysis of the metal alkoxide is accelerated in the dispersed state, and spherical glassy gel particles are formed by this process. The objective spherical glass article can be obtained by heating the glassy gel at a high temperature as needed.

Patent
25 Dec 1984
TL;DR: In this article, a compsn which prevents back flow of water-based ink for a ball point pen is prepared by adding 1W20wt% gelling agent having a primary particle diameter of a few W 50mμ (eg silica) and 1W10wt% sorbitan ester of fatty acid to a base consisting of difficulty volatile or non-volatile organic liquid selected from among hydrocarbons (eg liquid paraffin).
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide the titled compsn which prevents adherence of ink to the inner surface of an ink tube, prepared by adding a gelling agent and a sorbitan ester of fatty acid to a non-volatile or difficulty volatile organic liquid CONSTITUTION: The compsn which prevents back flow of water-based ink for a ball point pen is prepared by adding 1W20wt% gelling agent having a primary particle diameter of a few W 50mμ (eg silica) and 1W10wt% sorbitan ester of fatty acid (eg sorbitan monolaurate) to a base consisting of difficulty volatile or non-volatile organic liquid selected from among hydrocarbons (eg liquid paraffin) The compsn is filled in the top of an ink tube filled with a water-based ink having a viscosity of 50W2,000cps at 25°C COPYRIGHT: (C)1986,JPO&Japio