Showing papers on "Liquid paraffin published in 1994"

Effect of oral gamolenic acid from evening primrose oil on menopausal flushing

Abstract: Objective : To evaluate the efficacy of gamolenic acid provided by evening primrose oil in treating hot flushes and sweating associated with the menopause. Design : Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study. Setting : District general hospital and teaching hospital. Subjects : 56 menopausal women suffering hot flushes at least three times a day. Intervention : Four capsules twice a day of 500 mg evening primrose oil with 10 mg natural vitamin E or 500 mg liquid paraffin for six months. Main outcome measures - Change in the number of hot flushes or sweating episodes a month. Results : 56 diaries were analysed, 28 from women taking gamolenic acid and 28 from those taking placebo. Only 18 women given gamolenic acid and 17 given placebo completed the trial. The mean (SE) improvement in the number of flushes in the last available treatment cycle compared with the control cycle was 1.9 (0.4) (P Conclusion : Gamolenic acid offers no benefit over placebo in treating menopausal flushing.

Adverse Effects of Drugs Used in the Management of Constipation and Diarrhoea

Abstract: Most laxatives, if used intermittently in the absence of contraindications, are relatively safe. Bulking agents may diminish absorption of some minerals and drugs, but this is not usually clinically significant. Ispaghula can cause serious allergic reactions. The chronic ingestion of stimulant laxatives has been blamed for the development of the ‘cathartic colon’, but there are no definitive studies which have demonstrated this. Dantron (danthron) preparations should only be used in older patients and the terminally ill because of the risk of hepatotoxicity with this drug. Oral oxyphenisatine should no longer be used. Senna would appear to be the stimulant laxative of choice during pregnancy and lactation. Bisacodyl is the polyphenolic derivative of choice. Lactulose, sorbitol and lactilol rarely cause significant adverse effects. Magnesium salt laxatives and phosphate enemas can cause serious metabolic disturbances in babies and young children. Liquid paraffin is contraindicated if there is any risk of aspiration. Interference with the absorption of fat soluble vitamins would not appear to be clinically significant. Docusate sodium may potentiate the hepatotoxicity of other drugs, but reports of this are rare. The role of cisapride in constipation has not been established.

Application of an oily gel formed by hydrogenated soybean phospholipids as a percutaneous absorption-type ointment base.

Abstract: We investigated the possibility of developing an oily gel formed by hydrogenated soybean phospholipids (HSL) as a percutaneous absorption-type ointment base. Liquid paraffin (LP) was used as the oil, and indomethacin (IM), ketoprofen (KP), flurbiprofen (FP) and ibuprofen (IP) were used as model drugs. IM did not dissolve in LP, but solubilized when heated with HSL at a concentration of about 1% with 15% HSL at 95 degrees C. IM gel was thus prepared as follows: IM and HSL were mixed, added into LP, capped tightly, heated in a water bath and cooled. The consistency of the gel increased with increasing IM concentration, indicating some kind of interaction between IM and HSL. The release of IM from the IM gel was faster than that from a preparation in which IM was mixed in gel at room temperature (Gel + IM). The release rate of IM from IM gel was proportional to IM concentrations up to 1%, but became constant above that. Permeation of IM through hairless rat abdominal skin from IM gel was higher than that from the Gel + IM. The permeation rate was proportional to IM concentrations in the range of 0.1 to 0.5% in 15% HSL gel. KP and FP also solubilized in gel when subjected to the same procedure as IM, and their release and permeation increased when they were formulated as gels. However, no evident improvement of permeation was observed in the case of IP, which had high LP solubility. It was suggested that HSL showed no enhancing effect, but solubilized IM, KP or FP, leading to high permeation from the gel. After 3 months' storage, the permeation rate did not change for 0.5% IM in 15% HSL gel, but decreased for 1% IM in 15% HSL gel. This indicates that in the case of 1% IM in 15% HSL gel, IM is in a supersaturated state immediately after preparation and then recrystallizes with time.

Floating combustion apparatus

Abstract: A combustion apparatus that comprises a floatable combustion device which rests atop the surface of a mass of fuel such as solid paraffin or a quantity of liquid fuel such as liquid paraffin or vegetable oil contained within a fuel vessel. The combustion device has a substantially conical top member and a bottom ballast member each fabricated of a thermally conductive material that serve to both melt solid fuel and heat the liquid fuel being supplied to the flame with an interior wick. Supporting this wick is a conical buoyant member that allows the device to float when positioned in liquid fuel or in melted solid fuel.

Demulsification of water-in-oil emulsions by use of a high voltage ac field

Abstract: The demulsification kinetics of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions in a high ac electric field was investigated by using a batch cylindrical demulsifier. The oil phase was liquid paraffin containing 1–10 wt% SPAN80 or ECA4360 as surfactant. The aqueous phase was deionized water containing 0–40 wt% H2SO4 solution. The rate of demulsification was studied experimentally. The effects of emulsion structure and properties (water drop size, aqueous-phase electrolyte concentration, surfactant concentration, surfactant type) and demulsifying conditions (applied voltage, distance between electrodes) on demulsification rates are discussed. An empirical correlation is presented for estimation of the demulsification rate of W/O emulsions in a high ac electrostatic batch demulsifier.

Metallic spinal artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract: Study design The magnetic resonance artifact susceptibility of traces of surgical aluminum, titanium, and stainless steel in a human spine model was investigated. Metallic filings were deposited in noncontiguous disc spaces in five human thoracic spines before magnetic resonance imaging with spin echo and gradient echo sequences. Objectives Spin echo and gradient echo sequences were used for quantitate and compare void artifact produced by commonly used surgical metals. This was compared to a liquid paraffin control. Summary of background data No significant susceptibility artifact was seen with any metal in all spin echo sequences, including T1 (TR 600, TE 12), T2 (TR 2000, TE 30), proton density (TR 2000, TE 80), and fast T2 scanning (TR 3800, TE 96, Ef). Methods Sagittal magnetic resonance imaging permitted void artifact quantification and comparison between different metallic alloys. Two neuroradiologists, working on a blinded basis, evaluated all data and rated the void susceptibility artifact on a scale of 1 (least) to 4 (greatest). Results In general, the magnitude of an imaging artifact during magnetic resonance imaging correlated with the magnetism of the metal. Nickel, found in a larger concentration in 316L than in 304 stainless steel, decreases the magnetic resonance artifact of specific metals because of its ability to stabilize iron in a non-magnetic state. Therefore, the 316L stainless steel yielded less artifact production than 304 stainless steel on gradient echo imaging. Conclusion If upon gradient echo imaging in the postoperative period significant artifact production is noted, stainless steel deposition should be suspected as the causative agent. In this situation, spin echo techniques should be the first approach for attempting optimal visualization of the spinal cord and soft tissue structures.

Lipase production from hydrocarbons by trichosporon fermentans wu-c12 in the presence of surfactants

Abstract: When Trichosporon fermentans WU-C12 was cultivated for 3–4 days in media containing 3% (v/v) kerosene and 0.8% (v/v) Tween 85, 3% (v/v) gas oil and 0.6% (v/v) Triton X-405, and 3% (v/v) liquid paraffin and 0.6% (v/v) Span 80, the extracellular lipase activities reached 58–62 U/ml, approximately 2–3 times as much as that without any addition of surfactant. The extracellular and total (intra-plus extracellular) lipase activities were affected by the combination of surfactants and petroleum products as the carbon sources.

Light Microscopy I: Dissection and Microtechnique

Abstract: THE microscope is one of the primary tools of the cell biologist. In this first section we set forth a number of approaches that can be used to study maize using the stereo, compound, light, and epifluorescence microscopes. Successful cellular analysis is dependent on three factors: proper specimen preparation, careful use of the instrument, and appropriate observation techniques. Furthermore, any cellular analysis must be conducted within the context of the whole organism; hence, we begin in Part I by describing methods of dissection and observation using the whole plant. Then we present several methods of specimen preparation. Standard methods of observation using transmitted light and epifluorescence microscopy and for recording and analyzing the image are presented in part II.

Synthesis and characterisation of porous particulate polyimides

Abstract: Porous particulate polyimides have been prepared by four suspension polycondensation procedures. The first group were linear polyimides prepared in suspension in liquid paraffin from a poly(amido acid) pre-polymer solution. Groups two to four were crosslinked using a tetraamine component. The first of these employed a linear poly(amido acid) pre-polymer solution and crosslinking was achieved in the suspension second step. The second employed a branched poly(amido acid) pre-polymer solution and crosslinking was completed in suspension. The third was a one-pot procedure which did not utilise a pre-polymer. Instead, all monomer components and solvent were dispersed in paraffin oil and condensation and crosslinking were achieved in suspension. Imidisation was induced using acetic anhydride and pyridine, and suspensions were stabilised using a paraffin oil soluble surface active polymer. Dipolar aprotic solvents functioned as porogens, and particulates with N2 BET surface areas up to ca., 90 m2 g–1 were prepared.

Fat and oil inhibit phosphine release from aluminium phosphide--its clinical implication.

Abstract: Poisoning by suicidal or accidental ingestion of aluminium phosphide (AlP) is a frequent medical emergency seen all over the world. AlP, a grain fumigant and rodenticide, on exposure to moisture, liberates highly toxic gas, phosphine. The rapidly inhibits mitochondrial respiration and has cytotoxic action. No specific antidote is known against it till date and prognosis depends much on dose and time lag between AlP ingestion and the stomach wash in the hospital (critical period). Physicochemical properties of AlP and nonmiscibility of fat and water promoted us to study the effect of different fats and oils as possible antidotes to inhibit phosphine liberation. In vitro experiments revealed that vegetable oils and liquid paraffin were much more effective than butter and ghee in inhibiting release of phosphine from AlP. These findings may have significant clinical implication.

Study of Synthetic Clay Minerals. III. Synthesis and Characterization of Two Dimensional Talc

Abstract: “Two dimensional” talc was prepared by the hydrothermal reaction of various silicas with magnesium hydroxide. The precipitated and activated silicas were especially available as starting materials. The powder X-ray diffraction data indicated that the resulting talc consisted of no-stratified and random layered structure. According to the IR spectrum, no solid acidity, i.e. Bronsted and Lewis acid sites were found. The specific surface area was over 500 m2 g−1. A large amount of water was adsorbed and partially combined with the surface of lamellar talc. As a result, the artificial talc would receive applications such as emulsifying agents to the mixture of liquid paraffin and water.

The Foley catheter in epistaxis management – a scientific appraisal

Abstract: The Foley balloon catheter has been used in the management of posterior epistaxis for several decades. Despite a lack of uniformity in balloon use, it is frequently successful in arresting haemorrhage. A better understanding of the balloon's characteristics may further increase its effectiveness by more appropriate use in some individuals.Inflation characteristics were assessed in vitro by measurement of balloon length and diameter at various inflation volumes. Deflation of air-filled balloons was found to be consistent for each balloon type. The deflation rate was unaffected when BIPP (bismuth-iodoform-paraffin paste) or liquid paraffin soaked gauze were applied to the catheter.Recommendations for catheter use are made.

Skin external agent

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a skin external agent remarkably improved in the stability of α-tocopheryl retinoate by adding the α-tocopheryl retinoate to a water-in-oil type emulsion system. CONSTITUTION: This skin external agent improved in the stability of the α- tocopheryl retinoate as an ingredient effective for preventing and treating skin hyperkeratosis, etc., and preventing and recovering skin aging is prepared by adding the α-tocopheryl retinoate to a water-in-oil type emulsion system comprising an oil component such as liquid paraffin or squalane, an aqueous phase component and a surfactant. The α-tocopheryl retinoate is preferably added in an amount of 0.001-10wt.%, especially 0.01-2.0wt.%, and the oil phase component is also preferably added in an amount of 10.0-50wt.%. The surfactant includes diglycerol dioleate and diglycerol diisostearate. Main additives to be added to the aqueous phase component are glycerol, butylene glycol, etc. The skin external agent is stable against heat, etc., and is little in the deterioration of the activity even when stored for a long period of time. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO

Soft fibrous web and production thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a soft tissue paper highly safe to the skin, excellent in skin touch, esp. dampish feel, also producing little paper powder, thus suitable for pollinosis or rhinitis. CONSTITUTION: This soft fibrous web, a tissue paper, is obtained by t impregnating a tissue paper material 10-55g/m 2 in basis weight under the standard conditions of 20°C and 65% RH with 1-130wt.% of a medicinal liquid consisting mainly of 5-20-wt.% of liquid paraffin, 50-85wt.% of a polyhydric alcohol, 3-30wt.% of a saccharide and ≤5wt.% of a nonionic surfactant. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO

Contact dermatitis due to cosmetics and their ingredients

Abstract: Patches of common cosmetics like lipstick, sindhoor, cold cream, eyebrow pencil, rouge, bindi and their ingredients including methyl paraben, colophony, para phenylene diamine, balsam peru, cetostearyl alcohol, formaldehyde, lanolin, beeswax and liquid paraffin were applied in 200 females. Ingredients of cosmetics showed more frequent sensitivity as compared to the cosmetics applied as such. Para phenylene diamine (35%) being the most common allergen followed by balsam peru (22.5%) and parabens (19.25%). The least common allergen was liquid paraffin (0.5%). Among cosmetics, the most common agent was sindhoor (5.5%) followed by lipstick (5.1%) cold cream (3.75%) rouge (2%), bindi (1.75%) and eyebrow pencil (1.5%)

Shield wire facilitating terminal working and manufacture thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a shield wire displaying stable terminal workability by providing a microcapsule layer, containing a liquid-state substance displaying mold releasing work, between an insulating layer and a shield layer. CONSTITUTION: A microcapsule enveloping liquid-state silicone resin or the like is contained in a liquid-state substance of liquid paraffin or the like. An insulator 2 is allowed to pass in this contained liquid and dried, to secure a fixed amount of the microcapsule onto a surface of the insulator 2. A shield (sheet) layer 9, drain wire 10 and a sheathing 11 are laminated on this insulator 2, to form a shield wire. At working time, the aluminum pasted polyester tape 9 and the sheathing 11 are stripped off from the insulator 2. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO

Denture base lining material

Abstract: A denture base lining material to be used upon mixing a liquid component and a powder component is disclosed, characterized in that the liquid component comprises a phthalic ester-based plasticizer and containing from 5 to 15% by weight of ethyl alcohol and from 5 to 20% by weight of a liquid paraffin or squalane alone or a mixed solution thereof, and the powder component comprises a powder comprising any one of the following powders (a), (b), or (c), or a mixture of two or more thereof: (a) an ethyl methacrylate polymer powder containing from 1 to 5% by weight of a phthalic ester-based plasticizer; (b) a copolymer powder represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein n/(m+n) is from 0.15 to 0.55, and containing from 0.5 to 2% by weight of a phthalic ester-based plasticizer; and (c) a mixed powder comprising a polyethyl methacrylate powder having a copolymer powder represented by the following formula mixed therewith: ##STR2## wherein n/(m+n) is from 0.45 to 0.76. The denture base lining material according to the present invention is low in the rate of change in elastic strain, is less found in the sticky feeling, and can be readily peeled apart from the denture after the use.

Identification of olfactory dysfunction in carriers of X-linked Kallmann's syndrome

Abstract: Summary OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that clinically unaffected female carriers of X-linked Kallmann's syndrome have an olfactory defect. DESIGN Assessment of the olfactory threshold to seven standard odorants, each at a concentration of 1-10-8mol/1. PATIENTS Five families with X-linked Kallmann's syndrome (KS) were tested, containing 19 males with KS, and 9 female carriers. Related but unaffected males (n= 8) were used as a control group, and in addition seven patients with Turner's syndrome (XO) were assessed. MEASUREMENTS The olfactory threshold was taken as the lowest concentration at which each odorant was clearly distinguished from control (liquid paraffin). The threshold for each odorant was compared between the subject groups using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS All patients with KS were anosmic to all odorants. The female carriers had hyposmla, with a significant reduction in the olfactory threshold to putrid, peppermint, floral and pungent odorants compared to control subjects, and to peppermint, floral and pungent odorants compared to subjects with Turner's syndrome. The latter had olfactory thresholds which were statistically identical with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Obligate female carriers of X-linked Kallmann's syndrome are hyposmic compared to control subjects. The overlap between the two groups, however, makes olfactory testing unreliable as a diagnostic test.

Cylindrical manganese dry battery

Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a cylindrical manganese dry battery excellent in shelf life by preventing the intrusion of oxygen in the atmosphere into a battery even in the case of an occurrence of a pinhole. CONSTITUTION: A sealing body 7 in the center through hole 7a of which a carbon rod 6 is interposed is arranged in the opening of a zinc can 1 in which a positive electrode mixture 3 and a separator 2 are filled, while a negative electrode terminal plate 9 and the insulation ring 10 of a negative electrode side are arranged in the bottom of the can 1. A heat contractive resin tube 11 is arranged on the periphery of the zinc can 1, the heat contractive resin tube 11 is heat-contracted, a positive electrode terminal plate 12 is fitted on the upper end portion of the carbon rod 6, and the insulation ring 13 of a positive electrode side is arranged on the periphery of the positive electrode terminal plate 12 and is clamped in an axial direction by a metal armor can 14 so as to seal the opening portion of the zinc can 1. In this cylindrical manganese dry battery, volatile resistant or nonvolatile fluid organic substance such as machine oil, liquid paraffin or the like is interposed on the whole faces or a part between the zinc can 1 and the heat contractive resin tube 11. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO

Kinetics of all- trans -β-carotene degradation on heating with and without phenylalanine

Abstract: All-trans-β-carotene was heated in liquid paraffin at 210°C for 15 min in the presence and the absence of phenylalanine to assess the effect of the amino acid on the rate of degradation of all-trans-β-carotene. The curve that represents all-trans-β-carotene degradation in both model systems is formed of two distinct parts that correspond, respectively, to the propagation and termination phases of an autocatalytic reaction. The reaction over 1–15 min followed first-order reaction kinetics in both systems, and the rate constant obtained was 2.8 times lower in the presence of phenylalanine. The kinetic behavior and the rate constant for color loss were similar to those for all-trans-β-carotene degradation for each model system.

[Effects and mechanism of total saponins of Panax Notoginseng on anti-inflammation and analgesia]

Abstract: In this study the effects of total saponins of Panax notoginseng (TSPN) and electroacupuncture (EA) were compared. Liquid paraffin was intraperitoneally injected (0.1 ml/mouse) to establish the animal model with inflammation. The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with different treatments for 7 days: EA group, TSPN group (100 mg.kg intraperitoneal administration), Naloxone (Nx) plus TSPN group and EA plus TSPN group. The pain threshold was measured by a detector (EQ-9E) and the nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT) for polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) bacteriocidal activity and the alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) histochemical staining for detection of the focal pattern lymphocyte subpopulation and the toluidine blue histochemical staining for detection of degranulation rate peritoneal mast cells were performed. The results showed that in TSPN, EA and EA plus TSPN group the pain threshold was elevated significantly, the enumeration of NBT positive PMN and the ANAE-F lymphocyte subpopulation was enhanced. All the above effects could be partially inhibited by naloxone. Between TSPN group and Nx group the degranulation rate of peritoneal mast cells had no significant difference. Since the TSPN and EA have similar effects e.g. anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunomodulatory action, it suggested that the TSPN might be somewhat agonist of the opioid like peptide receptor without addiction side reactions.