Showing papers on "Liquid paraffin published in 2002"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of tea tree oil on histamine-induced weal and flare and showed that it can reduce histamineinduced skin inflammation.
Abstract: Summary Background Tea tree oil is the essential oil steam-distilled from Melaleuca alternifolia , an Australian native plant. In recent years it has become increasingly popular as an antimicrobial for the treatment of conditions such as tinea pedis and acne.
Objectives To investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of tea tree oil on histamine-induced weal and flare.
Methods Twenty-seven volunteers were injected intradermally in each forearm (study and control assigned on an alternating basis) with histamine diphosphate (5 µg in 50 µL). Flare and weal diameters and double skin thickness were measured every 10 min for 1 h to calculate flare area and weal volume. At 20 min, 25 µL of 100% tea tree oil was applied topically to the study forearm of 21 volunteers. For six volunteers, 25 µL paraffin oil was applied instead of tea tree oil.
Results Application of liquid paraffin had no significant effect on histamine-induced weal and flare. There was also no difference in mean flare area between control arms and those on which tea tree oil was applied. However, mean weal volume significantly decreased after tea tree oil application (10 min after tea tree oil application, P = 0·0004, Mann–Whitney U-test).
Conclusions This is the first study to show experimentally that tea tree oil can reduce histamine-induced skin inflammation.
148 citations
TL;DR: Ointment and cream formulations of lemongrass oil in different classes of base and the oil in liquid paraffin solution have been evaluated for mosquito repellency in a topical application.
144 citations
TL;DR: The required H LB values of eucalyptus, lippia and peppermint essential oils were determined using droplet size analysis and turbidimetric method on emulsions prepared with emulsifier blends of varying HLB values.
118 citations
TL;DR: Eudragit RS microspheres containing pipemidic acid, as a model drug, were prepared by the solvent evaporation method using an acetone/liquid paraffin solvent system to evaluate the influence of stirring rate on the average particle size, particle morphology, drug content and release kinetics.
Abstract: Eudragit RS microspheres containing pipemidic acid, as a model drug, were prepared by the solvent evaporation method using an acetone/liquid paraffin solvent system. The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of stirring rate on the average particle size, particle morphology, drug content and release kinetics, as well as the influence of particle size on microsphere morphology, drug content and release kinetics. Stirring rate has been found to significantly influence the average diameter of microspheres. The average diameter decreases as the stirring rate increases. This can be explained by production of a finer dispersion of droplets when higher stirring rates are applied and, consequently, by the formation of smaller microspheres. With increasing stirring rate and increasing fraction particle size the drug content also increases. It is assumed that this dependence is a consequence of an uneven diffusion of the drug from the inner to the outer emulsion phase, and an uneven encapsulation of drug particles during the preparation. Drug release follows the Higuchi model. As seen from SEM photographs, larger microspheres are more porous and the microspheres produced at higher stirring rates are more porous than those produced at lower stirring rates. This explains the unexpected finding that the release rate increases as the fraction particle size and the stirring rate increase.
84 citations
TL;DR: Hydroxyapatite particles having spherical geometry and 125–1000 μm in size range were prepared using a solid-in-water- in-oil (S/W/O) emulsion, cross-linking technique and the percentage yield and size distributions of the spheres were determined.
Abstract: Hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles having spherical geometry and 125–1000 μm in size range were prepared using a solid-in-water-in-oil (S/W/O) emulsion, cross-linking technique. An aqueous solution of chitosan containing different loading of HAP was dispersed as droplet in liquid paraffin using a stabilizing agent. Cross-linking of chitosan was induced by adding appropriate amount of glutaraldehyde saturated toluene. Chitosan microspheres containing HAP were sintered at 1150 °C to obtain pure HAP microspheres. The spheres thus produced were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The percentage yield and size distributions of the spheres were also determined.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the preparation of borated dioctyl dithiocarbamate as an oil-soluble antiwear and extreme pressure additive for lubricants was discussed.
36 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that the irregular skull base protects nerves and vessels passing through the cranial floor by reducing brain displacement and that the intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid relieves strain in regions inferior and superior to the ventricles.
Abstract: Two-dimensional physical models of the human head were used to investigate how the lateral ventricles and irregular skull base influence kinematics in the medial brain during sagittal angular head dynamics. Silicone gel simulated the brain and was separatedfrom the surrounding skull vessel by paraffin that provided a slip interface between the gel and vessel. A humanlike skull base model (HSB) included a surrogate skull base mimicking the irregular geometry of the human. An HSBV model added an elliptical inclusion filled with liquid paraffin simulating the lateral ventricles to the HSB model. A simplified skull base model (SSBV) included ventricle substitute but approximated the anterior and middle cranial fossae by a flat and slightly angled surface. The models were exposed to 7600 rad/s2 peak angular acceleration with 6 ms pulse duration and 5 deg forced rotation. After 90 deg free rotation, the models were decelerated during 30 ms. Rigid body displacement, shear strain and principal strains were determined from high-speed video recorded trajectories of grid markers in the surrogate brains. Peak values of inferior brain surface displacement and strains were up to 10.9X (times) and 3.3X higher in SSBV than in HSBV. Peak strain was up to 2.7X higher in HSB than in HSBV. The results indicate that the irregular skull base protects nerves and vessels passing through the cranial floor by reducing brain displacement and that the intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid relieves strain in regions inferior and superior to the ventricles. The ventricles and irregular skull base are necessary in modeling head impact and understanding brain injury mechanisms.
33 citations
TL;DR: The results of the present study suggest that garlic may exert its chemopreventive effect by inducing apoptosis as revealed by the absence of neoplasms, induction of tTG and inhibition of Bcl-2 expression.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison between experimental results and theory applicable to swelling and swelling-induced stress-relaxation is made to show that the agreement is not so good, since the swelling couples with the breakdown of physical crosslinks at short times, and the trance of the coupling is observed even at long times.
Abstract: Swelling and stress–relaxation under tension for poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) hydrogels have been investigated in water and in liquid paraffin at various temperatures. Initial Young’s modulus is much enhanced due to the change from the swollen to collapsed state, but no difference has been observed in the initial and osmotic Poisson ratios for the gels not only in the collapsed but also in the swollen states. The enhancement of modulus originates from the introduction of physical crosslinks in the collapsed state. In liquid paraffin, the gels in the collapsed phase show large degree of stress reduction in the course of stress–relaxation due to the breakdown of the physical crosslinks. The stress–relaxation induced by swelling is observed for both phases in water, but the degree of stress reduction is larger in the collapsed phase than in the swollen phase. A comparison between experimental results and theory applicable to swelling and swelling-induced stress–relaxation is made to show that the agreement is not so good. For the stress–relaxation of the collapsed gel in water, it is suggested that the swelling couples with the breakdown of physical crosslinks at short times, and the trance of the coupling is observed even at long times.
27 citations
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: The tested products were often out-performed by standard or new products, especially under the humid conditions common in Michigan, but some appeared promising for certain diseases and merit further study, especially those that may be of interest to organic growers.
Abstract: Various environmentally friendly products were tested for efficacy in controlling powdery mildew, downy mildew, black rot, Phomopsis, and Botrytis bunch rot in grapes over several years. The products tested were: JMS stylet oil (paraffinic oil), Serenade (Bacillus subtilis), Croplife (citrus and coconut extract) + Plant food (foliar fertilizer), Armicarb (potassium bicarbonate), Elexa (chitosan), Milsana (giant knotweed extract), and AQ10 (Ampelomyces quisqua/is). JMS Stylet Oil, Armicarb, Serenade, AQ10, Elexa, and Milsana all provided moderate control of downy and powdery mildew. JMS Stylet Oil and Armicarb also reduced Phomopsis rachis infections. Armicarb looks especially promising for black rot control. Serenade and Croplife + Plantfood provided moderate to good control of Botrytis bunch rot, and moderate control of downy mildew and Phomopsis leaf spot. Milsana provided moderate control of Botrytis bunch rot. The tested products were often out-performed by standard or new products, especially under the humid conditions common in Michigan. However, some products appeared promising for certain diseases and merit further study, especially those that may be of interest to organic growers. Optimizing timing of these products may enhance their performance, since most of them are protectants and have little or no eradicant activity.
26 citations
Patent•
30 May 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define a recording liquid including a colorant and a carrier liquid including at least one of a liquid paraffin and a linear silicone oil, and further include a resin.
Abstract: A recording liquid including a colorant and a carrier liquid including at least one of a liquid paraffin and a linear silicone oil. The recording liquid is an inkjet ink, a printing ink, a marker ink, a stencil ink, an electronic recording ink, a non-aqueous paint, a liquid developer or the like. When the recording liquid is a non-aqueous paint or a liquid developer, the recording ink further includes a resin.
Patent•
28 Mar 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-component addition-cured silicon impression compound is described, which has a Brookfield viscosity ranging between 800 and 2000 Pa*s, and when mixed with the other component has a consistency stipulated by ISO 4823 of less than or equal to 35 mm.
Abstract: The invention relates to a two-component addition-cured silicon impression compound, comprising the following when both components are mixed: (a) between 1 and 35 wt. % of at least one organopolysiloxane comprising at least two unsaturated groups in the molecule; (b) between 1 and 10 wt % of at least one organohydrogenpolysiloxane comprising at least two SiH groups in the molecule; (c) between 0.00005 and 0.05 wt. % of at least one platinum catalyst, calculated as elementary platinum; (d) between 4 and 10 wt. % of at least one liquid paraffin or at least one white mineral oil, or of a mixture of at least one liquid paraffin and at least one white mineral oil; (e) between 50 and 90 wt. % of at least one filler, each respective percentage relating to the total weight of the silicon impression compound. According to the invention, one of the components before being mixed with the other component has a Brookfield viscosity ranging between 800 and 2000 Pa*s. The invention is characterised in that the silicon impression compound, when mixed, has a consistency stipulated by ISO 4823 of less than or equal to 35 mm.
TL;DR: The results of the present study suggest that SAC may exert its chemopreventive effect by inducing apoptosis as revealed by the absence of neoplasms, induction of tTG and inhibition of Bcl‐2 expression.
Abstract: The apoptosis-inducing capacity of S-allylcysteine (SAC), a water-soluble garlic constituent, during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis was investigated in male Syrian hamsters using DNA fragmentation and the apoptosis-associated proteins, tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and Bcl-2. Hamsters were divided into four groups of six animals each. Animals in group 1 were painted with a 0.5% solution of DMBA in liquid paraffin on the right buccal pouches three times a week for 14 weeks. Group 2 animals painted with DMBA as in group 1, in addition received 200 mg kg−1 body weight SAC orally on days alternate to DMBA application. Group 3 animals received SAC as in group 2. Group 4 animals received neither DMBA nor SAC and served as the control. The experiment was terminated at the end of 14 weeks. Administration of SAC (200 mg kg−1 body weight) to animals painted with DMBA inhibited DMBA-induced HBP carcinogenesis as revealed by the absence of neoplasms, induction of tTG and inhibition of Bcl-2 expression. The results of the present study suggest that SAC may exert its chemopreventive effect by inducing apoptosis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: In this article, the status of dark matter searches with inorganic scintillator detectors at Boulby mine is reviewed and the results of tests with a CsI(Tl) crystal are presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the polymerization of poly(p-oxybenzoyl) (POB) from p-acetoxybenzoic acid was examined in the presence of three kinds of aromatic monofunctional compounds such as P-hexyloxybenzosic acid (HOBA), DOBA and OBA under unstoichiometric polymerization conditions.
Abstract: The polymerization of poly(p-oxybenzoyl) (POB) from p-acetoxybenzoic acid was examined in the presence of three kinds of aromatic monofunctional compounds such as p-hexyloxybenzoic acid (HOBA), p-decyloxybenzoic acid (DOBA) and p-octadecyloxybenzoic acid (OOBA) under unstoichiometric polymerization conditions. Polymerizations were carried out in liquid paraffin at 320 °C. POB crystals were obtained by reaction-induced crystallization of oligomers. The obtained POB crystals were found to be consisted of high molecular weight polymers compared with the products obtained by the melt polymerization. Polycondensation proceeded under unstoichiometric condition through following mechanisms; When DPn of oligomers exceeds a critical value, they are crystallized to form the crystals. End-free oligomers are preferentially crystallized due to the lower solubility over end-capped oligomers. End-capped oligomers are also crystallized, and polycondensation proceeds with eliminating end-capping groups of oligomers by tra...
TL;DR: In this paper, the phase composition of the laser treated nodular cast iron was examined by means of X-ray diffraction, and the wear volume loss of the treated cast iron specimen sliding against SAE-52100 steel under lubrication of LP containing various additives is only about 5-10% of that of the untreated one.
TL;DR: The results of the present study suggest that inhibition of HBP carcinogenesis by garlic may be due to its regulatory effects on differentiation, tumour invasiveness, migratory and metastatic potential.
Abstract: Background: Cytokeratins (also known as keratins (K)) are members of the family of intermediate filaments and form major components of the mammalian epithelial cell cytoskeleton. Cytokeratins have emerged as reliable cellular markers of oral cancer development and chemoprevention because of their abundance, stability and high antigenicity.
Methods: We investigated the effect of aqueous garlic extract on cytokeratin expression during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis. Hamsters were divided into four groups of six animals. Animals in group 1 were painted with a 0.5% solution of DMBA in liquid paraffin, on the right buccal pouches, three times a week for 14 weeks. Group 2 animals were painted with DMBA as in group 1 and also received 250 mg/kg body weight aqueous garlic extract orally on alternate days to the DMBA application. Group 3 animals received garlic extract only, as in group 2. Group 4 animals received neither DMBA nor garlic extract and served as the control. The hamsters were killed after an experimental period of 14 weeks.
Results: Cytokeratin expression was studied using human monoclonal antibodies AE1 and AE3, which react with type I and II keratins. In DMBA-induced squamous cell carcinomas, decreased expression of high molecular weight keratins was observed. Administration of garlic extract to animals painted with DMBA suppressed HBP carcinomas and restored normal cytokeratin expression.
Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that inhibition of HBP carcinogenesis by garlic may be due to its regulatory effects on differentiation, tumour invasiveness, migratory and metastatic potential. We suggest that one of the mechanisms of tumour inhibition by garlic is an influence on cellular differentiation.
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of tea tree oil on histamine-induced weal and flare, and showed that it can reduce histamineinduced skin inflammation.
Abstract: Summary Background Tea tree oil is the essential oil steam-distilled from Melaleuca alternifolia, an Australian native plant. In recent years it has become increasingly popular as an antimicrobial for the treatment of conditions such as tinea pedis and acne. Objectives To investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of tea tree oil on histamine-induced weal and flare. Methods Twenty-seven volunteers were injected intradermally in each forearm (study and control assigned on an alternating basis) with histamine diphosphate (5 l gi n 50lL). Flare and weal diameters and double skin thickness were measured every 10 min for 1 h to calculate flare area and weal volume. At 20 min, 25 lL of 100% tea tree oil was applied topically to the study forearm of 21 volunteers. For six volunteers, 25 lL paraffin oil was applied instead of tea tree oil. Results Application of liquid paraffin had no significant effect on histamine-induced weal and flare. There was also no difference in mean flare area between control arms and those on which tea tree oil was applied. However, mean weal volume significantly decreased after tea tree oil application (10 min after tea tree oil application, P ¼ 0AE0004, Mann‐Whitney U-test). Conclusions This is the first study to show experimentally that tea tree oil can reduce histamineinduced skin inflammation.
TL;DR: The ingested liquid paraffin was the origin of the neutral lipid in the lipid-laden macrophages observed in the BAL fluid, and classic histochemical staining and electron microscope examination indicated that neutral lipid was dominant but phospholipid was also present in the Lipoid pneumonia patient.
Abstract: An asymptomatic patient with exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP) due to silent aspiration of liquid paraffin ingested as a lubricant was diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). BAL fluid separated into oily upper phase and lower aqueous phase spontaneously. Microscopic analysis of BAL cells revealed the presence of lipid-laden alveolar macrophages. Classic histochemical staining and electron microscope examination indicated that neutral lipid was dominant but phospholipid was also present in the lipid-laden macrophages. Together with the history of ingestion of liquid paraffin, we identified that the ingested liquid paraffin was the origin of the neutral lipid in the lipid-laden macrophages observed in the BAL fluid.
TL;DR: In this article, the degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) occurs at much lower temperatures in solution (280-360 degreesC) than in conventional melt pyrolysis (400-450degreesC).
Abstract: Polymer degradation in solution has several advantages over melt pyrolysis, The degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) occurs at much lower temperatures in solution (280-360degreesC) than in conventional melt pyrolysis (400-450degreesC). The thermal degradation kinetics of LDPE in solution was investigated in this work. LDPE was dissolved in liquid paraffin and degraded for 3 h at various temperatures (280-360degreesC). Samples were taken at specific times and analyzed with high-pressure liquid chromatography/gel permeation chromatography for the molecular weight distribution (MWD), The time evolution of the MWD was modeled with continuous distribution kinetics. Data indicated that LDPE followed random-chain-scission degradation. The rapid initial drop in molecular weight, observed up to 45 min, was attributed to the presence of weak links in the polymer. The rate coefficients for the breakage of weak and strong links were determined, and the corresponding average activation energies were calculated to be 88 and 24 kJ/mol, respectively. (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The symptoms and lung infiltrations were improved by treatment with predonisolone, together with antibiotics and urinastatin, and Chest computed tomography showed nodular infiltrations with ground glass opacities and GGO alone in the right lower lobes, and consolidations with GGO in the left lower lobe.
Abstract: We report a case of acute exogenous lipoid pneumonia in a 34-year-old-fire-eater. Six hours after inhalation of liquid paraffin, dyspnea, cough, fever, hemoptysis, and chest pain developed in this patient. Chest computed tomography showed nodular infiltrations with ground glass opacities (GGO) in the right middle lobes, GGO alone in the right lower lobes, and consolidations with GGO in the left lower lobes. Lipid-laden alveolar macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected by lipid staining (Sudan III stain, oil-red-O stain) and transmission electron microscopy. The symptoms and lung infiltrations were improved by treatment with predonisolone, together with antibiotics and urinastatin.
TL;DR: An influence of solvent on morphology as well as growth mechanism of poly(p-oxybenzoyl) whisker in paraffin wax (PW) was studied comparing with those in LPF as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An influence of solvent on morphology as well as growth mechanism of poly(p-oxybenzoyl) whisker in paraffin wax (PW) was studied comparing with those in liquid paraffin (LPF). Furthermore, the condition for consecutive addition of oligomer was also examined to lengthen the whiskers in PW. Polymerizations of p-acetoxybenzoic acid were carried out in PW and LPF at 330°C. Larger number of whiskers having smaller length and width were formed in PW compared with that in LPF. PW was a poorer solvent than LPF and this lower miscibility leaded to the crystallization of lower DP n oligomers. Additionally, formation rate of oligomer was bigger in PW than LPF. These facts resulted in the higher degree of super saturation of oligomers which generated a larger number of nuclei having smaller size. Since the length was determined by the number of nuclei and the yield, the length eventually became shorter. On the basis of the formation mechanism of the whisker in PW, oligomers were added into polymerization system to lengthen the whisker. When oligomers were added to compensate the consumed oligomers while the tip angle was constantly kept at 80°C, the steady growth period was expanded and the length increased from 13.4 μm to 22.1μm.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: After two years of storage at 20 degrees C, the ointments prepared with the anhydrous lipophilic base, did not change their physicochemical characteristics and neomycin in those oints retained almost 100% of starting anti-microbial activity.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to work out methods of quality assessment of ointments containing dry extract from fresh leaves of Aloe arborescens Mill. (Lilliaceae) and also of ointments containing both of dry extract and neomycin sulphate. The stability of the ointments, stored at 20 degrees C, was studied and the following criteria were considered: chromatographic analysis (TLC), pH of the ointments, the content of the substances in the dry extract converted to aloenin, the content of aloenin and aloin, anti-microbial activity of neomycin in the ointments, the size of the particles of the dry extract and of neomycin sulphate in the ointment suspension and the sterility of the ointments. After two years of storage at 20 degrees C, the ointments prepared with the anhydrous lipophilic base, did not change their physicochemical characteristics and neomycin in those ointments retained almost 100% of starting anti-microbial activity. Water or propylene glycol significantly decreased the stability of the biologically active substances of the dry extract in the ointments. Besides, in the ointments containing the dry extract and neomycin sulphate, the presence of water or propylene glycol induced degradation of the biologically active substances of the dry extract and a decrease in the anti-microbial activity of neomycin in the ointments. Considering the physicochemical and microbiological stability, the most advisable base for the ointments with aloe and neomycin sulphate was composed of white vaseline, liquid paraffin, solid paraffin, cholesterol.
TL;DR: AISI-1045 steel was treated with solid boron permeation, and the interaction between the modified surface layer and the lubricating additive zinc dialkyldithio-phosphate (ZDDP) was examined as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this article, the anti-wear ability of DDP-coated PbO nanoparticles as an additive in liquid paraffin was evaluated on a four-ball machine.
Abstract: Di-n-hexadecyldithiophosphate (DDP) coated PbO nanoparticles have been chemically synthesized and characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The antiwear ability of the DDP-coated PbO nanoparticles as an additive in liquid paraffin was evaluated on a four-ball machine. Results show that DDP-coated PbO nanoparticles, with an average diameter of about 5 nm, are able to prevent water adsorption and are capable of being dispersed stably in organic solvents or mineral oil. Thermal stability of DDP coating on PbO nanoparticles is superior to that of pyridinium di-n-hexadecyldithiophosphate (PyDDP). Meanwhile, DDP-coated PbO nanoparticles can improve the antiwear ability of liquid paraffin even at an extremely low concentration.
TL;DR: The effect of hydrogen-deuterium substitution on rotational diffusion of two species of amino-substituted anthraquinone dyes dissolved in the isotropic liquid phase of 4′-n-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) and in a liquid mixture of alkanes (paraffin) has been studied as a function of temperature.
Abstract: The effect of hydrogen–deuterium substitution on the rate of rotational diffusion of two species of amino-substituted anthraquinone dyes dissolved in the isotropic liquid phase of 4′-n-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) and in a liquid mixture of alkanes (paraffin) has been studied as a function of temperature. The rotational dynamics was probed by time-resolved detection of fluorescence depolarization. In 5CB we observe a reduced rotational mobility of the deuterated species with respect to the protonated ones by up to 43% (at 311 K) and a corresponding increase of 4–5 kJ/mol in the activation energy, as deduced from the temperature dependence. To our knowledge, this is the largest isotopic effect ever reported for the molecular rotational diffusion in liquids. In liquid paraffin the effect vanishes. We attribute our findings to an isotopic effect in the breaking kinetics of the hydrogen-bond between the amino groups of dye molecules and the cyano group of 5CB that cannot be explained with the known isotopic e...
TL;DR: A novel technique for the preparation of Eudragit RL microcapsules using Diclofenac sodium as a model drug for encapsulation and promising a rapid and convenient method.
Abstract: A novel technique for the preparation of Eudragit RL microcapsules is described. The technique is based on the principle of solvent evaporation. Diclofenac sodium is used as a model drug for encapsulation. A solution of drug and Eudragit RL dissolved in acetone-isopropyl alcohol (1:1) is sprayed in liquid paraffin. The microcapsules obtained were uniform and free flowing particles. The release rate was more sustained by increasing the polymer concentration. The experimental procedure promises a rapid and convenient method for the preparation of Eudragit RL-microcapsules.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The presence of liquid paraffin in the peritoneal cavity reduces adhesion formation significantly and Ongoing intraperitoneal infection bars the effect of adhesion preventing agents.
Abstract: Adhesion formation is considered to be an inevitable result of surgical trauma to peritoneal surfaces of intraperitoneal organs. Liquid paraffin is thought to prevent adhesions by forming a barrier between the apposing tissues. Methylene blue is hypothesized to inhibit the generation of free radicals thus preventing adhesions. The combined effect of the two in preventing adhesions has not been studied before. A total of 60 rats were studied. They were divided into 4 groups of 15 rats each: (i) Control group, (ii) Liquid paraffin group, (iii) Methylene blue group, (iv) Emulsion group. Talcum powder was used as the adhesion forming agent. Each rat was operated upon twice. In the first operation the control solution or experimental chemical was instilled into the peritoneal cavity at laparotomy. The second operation was done after two weeks of the first. At this operation, grading of adhesions was done. In our study, we have noted the deposition of talc and adhesion formation at certain anatomical sites which have not been described before. Severe adhesion formation was noted in the control group. Liquid paraffin reduces the severity and extent of adhesions significantly. The results with methylene blue were not conclusive. The emulsion group also showed a significant reduction of adhesion formation. Severe adhesions were noted in presence of ongoing intraperitoneal infection. To conclude: 1. The presence of liquid paraffin in the peritoneal cavity reduces adhesion formation significantly; 2. Ongoing intraperitoneal infection bars the effect of adhesion preventing agents. Dose and safety of these chemicals in human beings remains to be established.
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of prealloyed Fe-1·5Mo base powder with and without additions of elemental Si, ferrosilicon, and carbon under various process conditions have been investigated.
Abstract: Alpha phase sintering, sinter hardening, and mechanical properties of prealloyed Fe-1·5Mo base powder with and without additions of elemental Si, ferrosilicon, and carbon under various process conditions have been investigated. Liquid paraffin, as a new lubricating agent, was found to be useful in reducing segregation, interparticle and die wall frictions, as well as reducing ejection forces and die and tool wear. It was found that addition of Si to the base powder enhanced the sintering process by stabilisation of the α-phase and formation of two kinds of liquid phase at ~1045 and ~1180°C, corresponding to the solidus and liquidus temperatures, respectively. This addition increased the tensile strength of the as sintered Fe-1·5Mo from 174 to 445MPa owing to massive solid solution strengthening effect of Si. An optimum sinter hardenable alloy, of composition Fe-1·5Mo + 3Si + 1·2C, provided a high sintered density of 7·55g cm-3, tensile and bend strengths of7 64 and 1405MPa, respectively, with 2·5%...
Patent•
09 Sep 2002
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a scalp protective agent, 15-60 cSt in viscosity at a normal temperature (25°C), which mainly comprises hydrocarbons comprising a low-viscosity liquid paraffin of 13.3-13.8 and a high viscosity Liquid Paraffin (LPA) of 73.4-80.0.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a scalp protective agent low in irritancy to the scalp, capable of fully attaining the preventive or mitigating effect on temporary irritancy to the scalp due to a hair treatment preparation or hair dye to the scalp while constituting no hindrance to the adherence of the hair treatment agent or hair dye to the hair. SOLUTION: The scalp protective agent, 15-60 cSt in viscosity at a normal temperature(25°C), mainly comprises hydrocarbons comprising a low-viscosity liquid paraffin of 13.3-13.8 in viscosity at 37.8°C and a high-viscosity liquid paraffin of 73.4-80.0 in viscosity at 37.8°C. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO