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Showing papers on "Liquid paraffin published in 2017"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, stable nanofluids of an oilfield polymer (polyacrylamide, PAM) with and without surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) have been formulated and examined for IFT reduction of paraffin oils such as n-decane, n-hexane,n-pentane, and n-heptane.

83 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of four different curing regimes namely; tap water curing (WC), wet sack curing (WSC), air curing (AC), and liquid paraffin wax curing (LPWC) and different curing times (3, 7, 28, 56 and 180) on the mechanical properties of self-compacting Mortars (SCMs) were investigated.

83 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first study to characterize EPSs derived from two strains of Acidobacteria from subdivision 1 belonging to Granulicella sp.
Abstract: Acidobacteria have been described as one of the most abundant and ubiquitous bacterial phyla in soil. However, factors contributing to this ecological success are not well elucidated mainly due to difficulties in bacterial isolation. Acidobacteria may be able to survive for long periods in soil due to protection provided by secreted extracellular polymeric substances that include exopolysaccharides (EPSs). Here we present the first study to characterize EPSs derived from two strains of Acidobacteria from subdivision 1 belonging to Granulicella sp. EPS are unique heteropolysaccharides containing mannose, glucose, galactose and xylose as major components, and are modified with carboxyl and methoxyl functional groups that we characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Both EPS compounds we identified can efficiently emulsify various oils (sunflower seed, diesel, and liquid paraffin) and hydrocarbons (toluene and hexane). Moreover, the emulsions are more thermostable over time than those of commercialized xanthan. Acidobacterial EPS can now be explored as a source of biopolymers that may be attractive and valuable for industrial applications due to their natural origin, sustainability, biodegradability and low toxicity.

62 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a composite phase change material wallboard (CPCMW) was fabricated by PCMP, styrene acrylic emulsion and glass fibers under a plate-shape mold, and the properties including thermal property, internal microstructure and mechanical property have been characterized by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electronic universal testing machine.

57 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, three types of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) particles with the morphologies of microspheres and nanosheets, were successfully fabricated by solvo/hydrothermal route.

54 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A green-synthesis route to NaYF4:Gd3+,Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) by using eco-friendly paraffin liquid, instead of 1-octadecene, as a high boiling non-coordinating solvent is devised to demonstrate the innovative design and development of high-performance multifunctional PDT agents.
Abstract: In the present study, we devised a green-synthesis route to NaYF4:Gd3+,Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) by using eco-friendly paraffin liquid, instead of 1-octadecene, as a high boiling non-coordinating solvent. A multifunctional nanoplatform was then developed by coating UCNPs with biocompatible transferrin (TRF) for magnetically-assisted and near-infrared light induced photodynamic therapy and bioimaging. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a clinically approved photodynamic therapy agent, was loaded into the shell layer of the TRF-coated UCNPs (UCNP@TRF nanoparticles), which can be efficiently taken up by cancer cells for photodynamic therapy. Upon near-infrared light irradiation, the UCNP@TRF-PpIX nanoparticles could not only kill the cancer cells via photodynamic therapy but also serve as imaging probes. We also demonstrated that an external magnetic field could be used to increase the uptake of UCNP@TRF-PpIX nanoparticles by MDA-MB-231 and HeLa cancer cells, and hence result in an enhanced photodynamic therapy efficiency. This work demonstrates the innovative design and development of high-performance multifunctional PDT agents.

46 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is some evidence that n-3 PUFAs might be beneficial for the maintenance of executive functioning in older adults at risk of dementia with low omega-3 index, but this exploratory finding requires further confirmation.
Abstract: To investigate the changes in specific domains of cognitive function in older adults reporting subjective memory complaints with a low omega-3 index receiving omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation or placebo. This is a secondary exploratory analysis of the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) using subjects randomized to the n-3 PUFA supplementation or placebo group. French community dwellers aged 70 or over reporting subjective memory complaints, but free from clinical dementia. A subgroup of MAPT subjects in the lowest quartile of omega-3 index distribution with baseline values ≤ 4.83 % (n = 183). The n-3 PUFA supplementation group consumed a daily dose of DHA (800 mg) and EPA (a maximum amount of 225 mg) for 3 years. The placebo group received identical capsules comprising liquid paraffin oil. Linear mixed-model repeated-measures analyses were used including baseline, 6, 12, 24 and 36-month follow-up data to assess between-group differences in the change in eight cognitive tests over 36 months. There was less decline on the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) in the n-3 PUFA supplementation group compared to placebo (p = 0.009; between group mean difference over 36 months, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.6,4.0). No significant differences for any of the other cognitive tests were found, including other tests of executive functioning, although, numerically all results were in favour of the n-3 PUFA supplementation. We found some evidence that n-3 PUFAs might be beneficial for the maintenance of executive functioning in older adults at risk of dementia with low omega-3 index, but this exploratory finding requires further confirmation. A larger specifically designed randomised controlled trial could be merited.

41 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A kind of N-containing borate ester (DEBE) with a double five-member ring structure as a lubricant additive was synthesized by using boric acid, diethanolamine and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether as the starting materials as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A kind of N-containing borate ester (DEBE) with a double five-member-ring structure as a lubricant additive was synthesized by using boric acid, diethanolamine and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether as the starting materials. The tribological performance of the as-prepared DEBE was evaluated using a four-ball friction and wear tester in different base oils, such as liquid paraffin (LP), poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) and dioctyl sebacate (DIOS), while the morphologies of the worn scars of the steel balls were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The chemical components on the worn surfaces of the steel balls were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The tribological mechanisms in base oils of LP, PAO and DIOS were also explored. The results show that as-prepared borate ester DEBE possessed good antiwear properties in LP and PAO and can be used as a promising S- and P-free environmentally acceptable lubricating oil additive. However, the antiwear ability decreased when the additive DEBE was added to DIOS base oil. The antiwear ability of the DEBE borate esters used as an additive in DIOS might be closely related to competitive adsorption between DEBE borate ester and DIOS ester oil. Namely, compared with the DEBE additive, the DIOS base oil is first to adsorb to the metal surface because of the higher polarity. Moreover, a small amount of the additive absorbed on the metal surface may influence the continuity and compactness of the oil film formed by DIOS alone, resulting in destruction of the tribological properties of DIOS.

41 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the foam properties such as foam stability over time at different temperatures, equilibrium surface tension, and bubble morphology (bubble size) were determined by surface tension measurements and inverted fluorescence microscopy.

37 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Lei Liu1, Wei Zhou1
TL;DR: In this paper, the tribological performances of liquid paraffin (LP) mixtures containing these hollow microspheres and the following photo-catalytic degradation behaviors of LP promoted by the worn MoS 2 powders were investigated.

35 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a facile and efficient approach to overcome the poor dispersion of MoS 2 nanoflowers in polyimide (PI) by carefully grafting them onto the surface of hollow carbon nanofibers (HCNF) was reported.
Abstract: In this work, we report a facile and efficient approach to overcome the poor dispersion of MoS 2 nanoflowers in polyimide (PI) by carefully grafting them onto the surface of hollow carbon nanofibers (HCNF). The obtained MoS 2 @HCNF hybrid was then utilized as homogeneous filler to enhance the tensile strength and lubricity of the PI-based protective coating. The results revealed that the tensile strength can be effectively improved by 46% accompanying with a slight decrease in elongation (19%) after the incorporation of 2.0 wt% MoS 2 @HCNF. Furthermore, the MoS 2 @HCNF/PI composite coatings also manifested outstanding anti-wear and friction reduction characteristics under the lubrication conditions of water (0.5 wt%, 72.5% reduction in wear rate) and liquid paraffin oil (1.5 wt%, 56% reduction in wear rate), demonstrating that the formed stable MoS 2 @HCNF hybrid could collaboratively alleviate the wear caused by the friction shear force in PI matrix through water or oil medium. The outstandingly enhanced behaviors of MoS 2 @HCNF hybrid suggest its potential application as the novel filler in anti-wear composite coatings.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-level packaging technology was used to obtain phase change materials (PCMs) which possess high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical property, such as high compressive strength and high shape stability.

Journal ArticleDOI
An-hua Dong1, Kang Wang1, Shi-zhen Zhu1, Gong-bing Yang1, Xi-tao Wang1 
TL;DR: In this paper, ammonium alginate assisted sol-gel and emulsion template methods using liquid paraffin as pore-enlarging agent and polysorbate 80 as dispersant were used to synthesize Al 2 O 3 beads with various pore sizes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a commercial Baobab seed oil sample was characterised (fatty acid content) using GCxGC-ToF-MS and a pilot study on the safety and efficacy of the seed oil was performed.
Abstract: Recently there has been a renewed impetus in the search for novel ingredients to be used in the cosmetic industry and Baobab (Adansonia digitata L., Malvaceae) seed oil has received high interest. In this study, a commercial Baobab seed oil sample was characterised (fatty acid content) using GCxGC-ToF-MS and a pilot study on the safety and efficacy of the seed oil was performed. The safety and efficacy of Baobab seed oil after topical application was determined using healthy adult female caucasian participants (n = 20). A 2× magnifying lamp was used for visual analysis, while for monitoring and evaluation of the irritancy level, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and hydration level of the skin, Chromameter®, Aquaflux® and Corneometer® instruments, respectively, were used. In addition, Aquaflux® and Corneometer® instruments were used to assess occlusive effects. Thirteen methyl esters were identified using GCxGC-ToF-MS. The major fatty acids included 36.0% linoleic acid, 25.1% oleic acid and 28.8% palmitic acid with 10.1% constituting trace fatty acids. The irritancy of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) in the patch test differed significantly compared to both de-ionised water (p < 0.001) and Baobab seed oil (p < 0.001) but the difference between the irritancy of Baobab seed oil and de-ionised water was not significant (p = 0.850). The moisture efficacy test indicated a reduced TEWL (p = 0.048) and an improved capacitance moisture retention (p < 0.001) for all the test products (Baobab oil, liquid paraffin, Vaseline® intensive care lotion and Vaseline®). The occlusivity wipe-off test indicated an increased moisture hydration (p < 0.001) and decreased TEWL particularly when Baobab oil was applied. Baobab possesses hydrating, moisturising and occlusive properties when topically applied to the skin. Baobab seed oil could be a valuable functional ingredient for cosmeceutical applications.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the tribological properties of both types of CuS nanorods as additives in liquid paraffin (LP) were investigated using a vertical universal friction and wear testing machine.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the size distribution and morphology of Ca-Alg-C 8 were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Journal ArticleDOI
Weifang Han1, Zhiyan Ma1, Shicai Liu1, Chunhua Ge1, Lixia Wang1, Xiangdong Zhang1 
TL;DR: In this paper, a spray drying and pyrolysis synthesis route was developed and it successfully prepared boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles with high dispersivity and uniform diameters.

Journal ArticleDOI
03 Apr 2017-Langmuir
TL;DR: A simple and effective way to fabricate an underwater transparent miniature "mechanical hand" based on controllable oil-adhesive patterned glass using a femtosecond laser, which can be applied in the construction of microfluidic devices, in situ detectors, and bioreactors.
Abstract: Development of underwater superoleophobic surfaces has captured the imagination of researchers because of their applications; especially, oil manipulation based on such surfaces has attracted much attention. Here, we show a simple and effective way to fabricate an underwater transparent miniature “mechanical hand” based on controllable oil-adhesive patterned glass using a femtosecond laser. The underwater oil-adhesive force of the patterned glasses that compose the “mechanical hand” device can be controlled from ultralow to ultrahigh by adjusting the ratio of the untreated flat glass area to the laser-ablated rough area. These surfaces also showed favorable transparency in water. Various oils such as chloroform, hexadecane, n-dodecane, decane, liquid paraffin, and petroleum ether were tested, and their repellency against the as-prepared surfaces in water medium was confirmed. Moreover, the “mechanical hand” was used to implement oil transportation, fusion, and rapid capture, which can be applied in the co...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of 2-step reactive firing on phase composition and porosity of cellular Al2TiO5 and Al2O5-Al2O3 composite ceramics was investigated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, liquid paraffin microcapsules (LPMs) were incorporated into epoxy resin to prepare fluid-filler/polymer composite materials, with the objective of introducing fluid heat convection into thermally conductive and electrically insulting materials.

Journal ArticleDOI
Lei Chen1, Haiyan Xu1, Haixia Cui1, Huidi Zhou1, Hongqi Wan1, Jianmin Chen1 
TL;DR: In this article, the tribological properties of the Cu-Ni nanoparticles as a lubricant additive in liquid paraffin were evaluated with a four-ball machine, and the morphology and elemental composition of the worn surfaces were analyzed by three-dimensional non-contact surface profilometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Oral administration of UMB at a dose of 30mg/kg body weight to DMBA-treated hamsters completely prevented tumor incidences and restored the status of the biochemical markers in the plasma, liver and buccal mucosa, and also prevented the deregulation in the expression of molecular markers in group 4.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a series of magnetic porous hydrogel spheres were prepared from the oil in water (O/W) Pickering emulsion stabilized with silicone-modified magnetic attapulgite (MAPT), using hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) as the grafting backbone and acrylic acid as the monomer.
Abstract: A series of magnetic porous hydrogel spheres were prepared from the oil in water (O/W) Pickering emulsion stabilized with silicone-modified magnetic attapulgite (MAPT), using hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) as the grafting backbone and acrylic acid (AA) as the monomer. The structure, morphologies and physico-chemical features of the Pickering emulsions and the hydrogel spheres were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD and TGA techniques. The results revealed that the Fe 3 O 4 was attached on the surface of APT with good dispersion, and the magnetic APT (MAPT) was modified successfully with silane. The emulsion with HPC, AA, initiator and crosslinker inside can be directly dropped into hot liquid paraffin to form hydrogel sphere. The rod-like APT as the stabilizer facilitated to form open pore and interconnected pores. The magnetic porous hydrogel sphere can rapidly adsorb the rare elements Rb + and Cs + , with the maximum adsorption capacities of 232.46 and 239.88 mg/g, respectively. The adsorbed Rb + and Cs + ions can be recovered by a simple desorption process, and the hydrogel sphere also showed excellent reusability after five consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles. This porous sphere with excellent adsorption capability and rate is potential adsorbent for the adsorption and enrichment of rare metals Rb + and Cs + .

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the heat generation was isolated by liquid paraffin oil and measured with a direct calorimetric method, and as a result, direct characterization of the transient phenomena was realized.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a hydrophilic emulsion-templated porous polymer (polyHIPE) is synthesized by CuAAC "click" chemistry, where a 4,4′-diazidostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid disodium salt-4H2O (DAS) and tripropargylamine is used as external phase of the high internal phase emulsion template.
Abstract: A hydrophilic emulsion-templated porous polymer (polyHIPE) is synthesized by CuAAC “click” chemistry. Herein, a 4,4′-diazidostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid disodium salt-4H2O (DAS) and tripropargylamine in the mixture of water and N,N-dimethylformamide solution is used as external phase of the high internal phase emulsion template, and paraffin liquid is involved as the internal phase. The resulting polyHIPE has a well-defined interconnected pore structure, which could be tailored by changing preparation parameters, such as reagent content, internal phase volume fraction, and surfactant concentration. Thermal analysis shows that the polyHIPE is stable under 180 °C. Owing to the presence of a large number of sodium sulfonate groups from the reagent DAS and the triazoles groups produced in the reaction, the polyHIPE is proved to be a highly efficient adsorbent of heavy metal ion (i.e., up to 52 mg/g for Cu(II) ions) in water. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2129–2135

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discussed that filler-filler mechanical engagement resulting from the grafted long-chain silanes on the silica surface is indeed a reinforcing mechanism in rubber composites, as already speculated by nonlinear viscoelastic properties in their previous study.
Abstract: The present study discusses that filler–filler mechanical engagement resulting from the grafted long-chain silanes on the silica surface is indeed a reinforcing mechanism in rubber composites, as already speculated by nonlinear viscoelastic properties in our previous study. The existence and severity of such a phenomenon are assessed purely by isolating the energetic contribution of reinforcement from interfering with filler mechanical engagement in the silica network formation and breakdown processes. In a novel approach, the driving force of fillers to flocculate energetically at elevated temperatures was defined using surface energy theories, and it was adjusted to be similar in two composites having silica treated by short- and long-chain silanes. Filler–filler mechanical engagement was monitored by tracking network formation (filler flocculation) in a matrix of styrene–butadiene rubber and also by conducting various dynamic viscoelastic experiments on liquid paraffin suspensions having short...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a water-based nanometer Fe3O4 magnetic fluid is used to produce a beak-like soft magnetic nanocomposites microgels, which are then grafted with acrylic acid to produce beaklike soft PAA blocks.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The obtained results indicate that SNEDDS could be regarded as a good candidate for oral delivery of heparin as the hydrophilic macromolecule.
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was the preparation of a self nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for oral delivery of heparin.Significance: Preparation of hydrophobic complexes between heparin as the hydrophilic macromolecule and cationic polymer of β-cyclodextrin (CPβCD) was considered for preparation of orally administered SNEDDS in which the drug incorporated in internal oil phase of O/W nano-droplets.Methods: Hydrophobic complexes of heparin-CPβCD were prepared by electrostatic interaction. The lipophilic feature of complexes was characterized by determining their partition co-efficients. SNEDDS prototypes were prepared by mixing liquid paraffin, Tween 80, propylene glycol and ethanol, diluted 1:100 in an aqueous medium. Central composite response surface methodology was applied for statistical optimization. Independent variables were the amount of liquid paraffin and the amount of Tween 80, while responses were size and poly dispersity index (PdI). Optimized SNEDDS were studied m...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Trichoderma based emulsifiable mycofungicide for controlling foliar diseases lessened the yield loss to economically acceptable level with significant increase of the quality of product.
Abstract: The Trichoderma based emulsifiable mycofungicide for controlling foliar diseases lessened the yield loss to economically acceptable level with significant increase of the quality of product. The amount of phylloplane originated T. harzianum and T. parceramosum strains containing liquid formulation, to be applied as leaf spray, might be reduced in two order of magnitude as compared to the solid preparations to achieve the same effect. Both sensitivity of 13 phytopathogenic fungi to antifungal properties of toxic substances released by 32 Trichoderma strains and their susceptibility to the same were examined during development of new mycofungicide. Both toxin production of Trichodermas and the sensitivity of target fungi varied within large limits, being Pythium irregulare the most, while Phytophthora infestans and Macrophomina phaseolina the less tolerant. The sensitivity responses of fungi to toxins correlated to their susceptibility to antagonists. The spectrum of antagonists of pathogenic fungus or targets of Trichoderma strain proved to be unpredictable. Conidia of Trichoderma strains in liquid paraffin (LP) of pharmaceutical quality (LP PQ) survived over 2 years. However, in commercial LP the shelf life of them significantly decreased in strain dependent manner, and the presence of emulsifiers selectively reduced the survival rate as well. The LP PQ was not phytotoxic in therapeutic doses, but commercial LP proved to be toxic when applied as leaf spray independently on the emulsifiers. Both fungitoxic and phytotoxic contaminants of commercial LP could be eliminated with activated carbon.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Massage with topical sesame oil was associated with significant reduction in pain severity of patients with limbs trauma and it is suggested to use this oil on complementary medicine for pain relief due to low cost, easy usage and lack of adverse effects.