Liquid paraffin

About: Liquid paraffin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6185 publications have been published within this topic receiving 52956 citations.

Creamy or milky skin cosmetic

Abstract: PURPOSE:A cosmetic having high safety, improved emulsification stability, good touch and appearance free from skin stimulation obtained by blending bentonite containing cation exchange sodium ion, water-soluble high polymer, e.g., xanthan gum, etc. oily substance, and water. CONSTITUTION:0.05-1.9wt% Bentonite containing at least 100mg equivalent/100g cation exchange sodium ion is blended with a water-soluble high polymer selected from xanthan gum, carrageenan, and hydroxypropylcellulose, oily substance, and water to give the desired skin cosmetic. The cosmetic has substantially neither stimulation to the skin nor allergy, high safety, improved emulsification stability, stability with days, good touch and appearance. A liquid oily substance, liquid paraffin, their combination with higher fatty acid monoglyceride, etc. are preferable as the oily substance. Bentonite preferably has a viscosity of 4wt% water dispersion of 150-800cp.

Spinach Leaves Desaturate Exogenous [14C]Palmitate to Hexadecatrienoate : Evidence that de Novo Glycerolipid Synthesis in Chloroplasts Can Utilize Free Fatty Acids Imported from Other Cellular Compartments

Abstract: Long-chain 14C-fatty acids applied to the surface of expanding spinach leaves were incorporated into all major lipid classes. When applied in diethyleneglycol monomethyl ether solution, as done by previous workers, [14C]palmitic acid uptake was much lower than that of [14C] oleic acid. However, when applied in a thin film of liquid paraffin the rate of [14C] palmitic acid metabolism was rapid and virtually complete. Considerable radioactivity from [14C]palmitate incorporated into lipids following either application method gradually appeared in polyunsaturated C16 fatty acids esterified to those molecular species of galactolipids previously thought to be made using only fatty acids synthesized and retained within the chloroplast. Evidence for the incorporation of radioactivity from exogenous [14C]oleate into those same molecular species of galactolipids was less compelling. The unexpected availability of fatty acids bound to extrachloroplastidal lipids for incorporation into galactolipids characteristically assembled entirely within the chloroplast emphasizes the need to reassess interrelations between the “prokaryotic” and “eukaryotic” pathways of galactolipid formation.

Electrically heated forceps pair - has helically wound wire embedded in insulating thermally resistive plastic for tissue embedding

Abstract: A pair of forceps, esp. for embedding tissue in hot liquid paraffin, is heated electrically so that the points of the forceps are maintained at a constant temp. above that of the melting point of the paraffin. This prevents the paraffin from solidifying on the forceps and thus sticking the tissue to them. A suitable resistive wire (2) is wound around the arms of the metal forceps at a suitable distance from the tips (1) of the forceps and ironlated pref. by thermally resistive plastic. A suitable, pref. low, electrical voltage is applied to the resistive wire so that a corresp. heating current flows through it. The helically wound part of the wire is embedded pref. in thermally resistive plastic (3). The end nearer the point (1) is protected by a metal ring (4).

Higher viscous solution induces smaller droplets for cell-enclosing capsules in a co-flowing stream.

Abstract: Mechanical strength of cell-enclosing capsules governs the success of the transplantation of enclosed cells in vivo for cell therapy. Mechanical strength closely correlates with the concentration and molecular weight of the polymers present in the aqueous solution that end up in the capsules, and the viscosity of the aqueous polymer solution also depends on these two factors. Three aqueous solutions differing in viscosity (1.0, 36, and 194 mPa s) were extruded from a needle (300 μm inner diameter) at a velocity of 1.2 cm/s into an ambient co-flowing liquid paraffin laminar stream. Smaller droplets were obtained from a higher viscous solution. At a liquid paraffin velocity of 23.5 cm/s, the diameter of droplets obtained from the highest viscous solution (194 mPa s)) was 44 ± 4 μm, and it represented 40% and 20% of that from droplets in solutions of 36 and 1.0 mPa s viscosity, respectively. The cells enclosed in these droplets maintained more than 95% viability during the droplet breakup process independent of the viscosity of the aqueous solution (p > 0.50). In addition, retrieved cells from the droplets showed the same proliferation profiles as the cells that were not subjected to the droplet breakup process, on tissue culture dishes (p > 0.13).

Friction and wear characteristics of PTFE composites filled with metal oxides under lubrication by oil

Abstract: Four kinds of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)-based composites, such as pure PTFE, PTFE + 30%(v) PbO, PTFE + 30%(v) Pb 3 O 4 , and PTFE + 30%(v) Cu 2 O composite, were prepared. The friction and wear properties of these metal oxides filled PTFE composites sliding against GCr15 bearing steel in both dry and lubricated conditions were studied by using an MHK-500 ring-block wear tester. Then the worn surfaces of these PTFE composites and the transfer films of these PTFE composites formed on the surface of GCr15 bearing steel were examined by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and an Optical Microscope, respectively. Experimental results show that the friction and wear properties of these metal oxide-filled PTFE composites can be greatly improved by liquid paraffin lubrication, and the friction coefficients can be decreased by one order of magnitude. Meanwhile, the interactions between liquid paraffin and metal oxide-filled PTFE composites, especially the absorption of liquid paraffin into the surface layers of these PTFE composites, reduce the mechanical strength and the load-carrying capacity of these metal oxide-filled PTFE composites. This leads to the deterioration of the friction and wear properties of these PTFE composites. Investigations of the frictional surfaces show that Pb 3 O 4 , Cu 2 O, and PbO enhance the adhesion of the transfer films to the surface of GCr15-bearing steel, and thus promote the transfer of the PTFE composites onto the surface of GCr15-bearing steel. Therefore, they greatly reduce the wear of the PTFE composites. However, the transfer of these PTFE composites onto the counterfaces can be greatly reduced by lubrication with liquid paraffin.