Liquid paraffin

About: Liquid paraffin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6185 publications have been published within this topic receiving 52956 citations.

Rice Seedlings Germinated in Water with Normal and Impeded Environmental Gas Exchange

Abstract: One hundred 'Pyrex' beakers (250-ml with a spout or 400-ml tall-form without a spout) were marked at the 170-cm3 level and were filled to this point with distilled water. The depth of 170 cm3 of water was c. 5*5 cm in either type of beaker, this depth being the same as that employed when broadcasting rice seeds in fields in the United States (Grist 1965). Ten unhulled, unwashed, and unsterilized rice seeds without any fungicidal dressing (Oryza sativa, var. Hokkaido-Carny) were dropped into each of ninety beakers. Only those seeds which sank quickly to the bottom of the beakers when dropped into the water were used. Any seeds that floated after repeated immersion in the water were discarded and replaced with seeds that settled rapidly to the bottom of the beakers. No attempt was made to remove any gas bubbles that became trapped in the hulls of the seeds as long as the seeds settled quickly on the bottom of the vessels. Seeds were not put into the remaining ten beakers. The surface of the water in thirty beakers with seeds and in the ten beakers without seeds was overlayed with 30 cm3 of olive oil per beaker (British Pharmacopoeia Standard). Ten beakers were overlayed with 3 cm3 of olive oil, ten beakers with 1 cm3 of olive oil, and ten beakers with 30 cm3 of liquid paraffin (light grade) per beaker. The surface of the water in the remaining thirty beakers was left with a normal air-water interface (no oil overlay). All beakers of all treatments were covered with thin watch-glasses (7.5 cm diameter) to prevent debris from falling into the vessels and to reduce the evaporation of water from the beakers without an oil overlay. The water level in the beakers without the oil overlay was checked daily and was maintained at the 170-cm3 level by adding distilled water whenever necessary. The 30-cm3 olive-oil overlay was removed from one-half of all treatments containing seeds on the fourteenth day and from the remaining half of these treatments on the twenty-fourth day after the start of the investigation. Oxygen electrode measurements of the water of all treatments were made on the fourteenth and twenty-fourth day just prior to the removal of the 30-cm3 olive oil overlay. The oil layer was removed by filling the

The chemical estimation of vitamin‐E activity in cereal products. I.—The tocopherol pattern of wheat‐germ oil

Abstract: Details are given of a method for determining the individual tocopherols and associated unidentified substances in oil extracted from cereal products. The technique depends ultimately on separating the tocopherols by paper chromatography by means of liquid paraffin B.P. and 75% aqueous ethanol as the stationary and mobile phases respectively. Typical results obtained with wheat-germ oil are quoted: they indicate that the tocopherol pattern of this oil consists of α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol and two unidentified substances, one of them possibly an unreported tocopherol.

Agarose–gelatin conjugate for adherent cell-enclosing capsules

Abstract: Spherical capsules were prepared by extruding aqueous agarose-gelation conjugate solution into co-flowing liquid paraffin at 38 degrees C and cooling the resultant emulsion. Capsule diameter was controlled between 40 and 250 mum by changing the velocity of the liquid paraffin. Adherent Crandall-Reese feline kidney cells enclosed in conjugate capsules of 141 +/- 23 mum diam. had a higher degree of proliferation than those in unmodified agarose capsules. Mitochondrial activity, detected for cell-enclosing conjugate capsules normalized against unit volume of gel, was about double that of unmodified agarose capsules over 28 days. These results demonstrated the feasibility of agarose-gelatin conjugate as a material of cell-enclosing capsules.

Preparation and Evaluation of Tribological Properties of Cu Nanoparticles Surface Modified by Tetradecyl Hydroxamic Acid

Abstract: Oil-soluble Cu nanoparticles without phosphorus and sulphur elements were prepared using in situ surface-modification technique with hydrazine hydrate as a reductant and tetradecyl hydroxamic acid (THA) as a modifier. The phase composition, microstructure, and chemical structure of as-synthesized Cu nanoparticles (coded as THA-capped Cu or THA-capped nano-Cu) were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The thermal stability of THA-capped Cu was examined using thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. The antiwear ability of THA-capped Cu as an additive in liquid paraffin was examined using a four-ball machine, and the morphology of worn steel balls was examined using a scanning electron microscope, an energy dispersive spectrometer and an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It has been found that THA-capped Cu can be well dispersed in some organic solvents. As-synthesized THA-capped Cu as an environmentally friendly additive in liquid paraffin shows excellent antiwear ability for the steel–steel contact. Besides, Cu nanoparticles are able to deposit and fill up micropits and grooves on steel sliding surfaces under a higher load and hence greatly reduced wear of the steel–steel pair thereat by way of self-repairing of worn surfaces of the steel–steel frictional pair, showing promising application as an environmentally acceptable lubricating oil additive.